disorders of acid and base

Question 1

two examples of metabolic acidosis

Answer 1

gain of a strong acid in DKA
or loss of base eg from bowel diarrhoea
classified according to the anion gap

Question 2

what does the anion gap test for

Answer 2

The anion gap blood test shows whether your electrolytes are out of balance or if your blood is too acidic or not acidic enough

Question 3

normal anion gap range

Answer 3

10-18

Question 4

raised anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer 4

ketones , urate in RF, lactate in shock or in acid poisoning

Question 5

normal anion gap in metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

addisons
Gi bicarbonate loss in diarrhoea
renal tubular acidosis
ammonium chloride injection

Question 6

metaoblic alkilosis characterised by a rise in bicarb over 24mmol - due to loss of hydrogen ions or gain of bicarb exmaples

Answer 6

vomiting
diuretics
cushings
congential adrenal hyperlasia
low potassium

renin angiotensin activted. aldosterone reabsoptes the sodium in exhncage for hydrogen in DCT.
ECF depletion like in vomit or diuretic use leads to sodiuma nd chloride loss anactivatign renin system leading to raised aldosterone levels

Question 7

respiraotry alkalosis emaples

Answer 7

hyperventilation causing loss of CO2 - anxiety therfore increasing pH
PE - hypoxia
CNS sstimultion - stroke or haemorrhage
pregnancy

Question 8

how does an aspirin overdose lead to mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis

Answer 8

early stimulation of respiratory centre leads to a respiratory alkalosis whilst later the direct acid effects of salicylates combined with acute renal failure may lead to an acidosis

Question 9

respiratory acidosis caused by rise in

Answer 9

CO2 as a result of alveolar hypoventilation
renal compensation may lead to compensated resp acidosis

Question 10

causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 10

COPD
life threatneing asthma
pulmonary oedema
sedative drugs such as opiates overdose or benzos