Disorders Of Cerebellum (handout based)

Question 0

Consists of the vermis of the anterior lobe, the pyramids, the uvula, and the paraflocculus

Answer 0

Paleocerebellum

Question 1

Plays a role in the control of muscle tone and the axial and limb movements

Answer 1

Paleocerebellum

Question 2

Consists of the middle portion of the vermis and most of the cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 2

Neocerebellum

Question 3

Projects fibers to the cerebral cortex through the thalamus

Answer 3

Neocerebellum

Question 4

Plays a role in the planning and initiation of movements, as well as regulation of fine limb movements

Answer 4

Neocerebellum

Question 5

Receives input from areas of the brain concerned with eye movements

Answer 5

Archicerebellum

Question 6

Plays a role in the control of body equilibrium and eye movements

Answer 6

Archicerebellum

Question 7

Composed of stellate cells, basket cells

Answer 7

Molecular layer of the gray mater of cerebellum

Question 8

Composed of Purkinje cells, which are large Golgi type 1 neurons

Answer 8

Purkinje cell layer of the gray mater of cerebellum

Question 9

Composed of granule cells (fibers of which form parallel fibers), neuroglial cells, Golgi cells

Answer 9

Granular layer of the gray matter of cerebellum

Question 10

connect different regions WITHIN the cerebellum (ex: folium-folium; hemisphere-hemisphere)

Answer 10

Intrinsic fibers of the white matter of cerebellum

Question 11

form the greater part of the white matter, PROCEED to the cerebellar cortex; enter though the INFERIOR and MIDDLE cerebellar peduncles

Answer 11

Afferent fibers of the white matter of cerebellum

Question 12

constitute the OUTPUT of the cerebellum; commence as the axons of the Purkinje cells, which synapse with the neurons of the cerebellar nuclei; exit mainly through the SUPERIOR and INFERIOR cerebellar peduncle

Answer 12

Efferent fibers of the white matter of cerebellum

Question 13

connects to the medulla oblongata; restiform body

Answer 13

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 14

connects to the pons; brachium pontis

Answer 14

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 15

connects to the midbrain; brachium conjunctivum

Answer 15

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 16

“Cerebellar sign par excellence”

Answer 16

Ataxia or dystaxia

Question 17

lack of synergy of the various muscle components in performing more complex movements so that movements are disjointed and clumsy and broken up into isolated successive parts

Answer 17

Asynergia

Question 18

Abnormalities in the rate, range and force of movement

Answer 18

Dysmetria

Question 19

abnormality in the rhythm of rapid alternating movements

Answer 19

Adiodochokinesis; Dysdiadochokinesis

Question 20

It is related to a depression of gamma and alpha motor neuron activity

Answer 20

Hypotonia

Question 21

The least evident of the cerebellar abnormalities

Answer 21

Hypotonia

Question 22

More apparent with acute than with chronic lesion

Answer 22

Hypotonia

Question 23

Failure to check a movement -a closely related phenomenon (impairment of the check reflex)

Answer 23

Hypotonia

Question 24

overshooting the target

Answer 24

Hypermetria

Question 25

A rhythmic tremor of the head or upper trunk (three to four per second)

Answer 25

Titubation

Question 26

variable intonation (prosody) and abnormalities in articulation; described also as staccato, explosive, hesitant, slow altered accent, and garbled speech

Answer 26

Scanning dysarthria

Question 27

Speech production is often labored with excessive facial grimacing; Thought to be a result of generalized hypotonia

Answer 27

Cerebellar dysarthria

Question 28

usually gaze-evoked, upbeat, rebound with abnormal kinetic nystagmus if with midline cerebellar lesions; periodic alternating nystagmus with lesions of the uvula, nodulus; downbeat nystagmus with posterior midline lesions

Answer 28

Nystagmus

Question 29

Wide-based stance with increased trunk sway, irregular stepping with a tendency to stagger as if intoxicated

Answer 29

Disorders of equilibrium and gait

Question 30

Kind of cerebellar syndrome that has incoordination of ipsilateral appendicular movements

Answer 30

Hemispheric syndrome

Question 31

Usual etiologies of this syndrome are infarcts, neoplasms, abscesses

Answer 31

Hemispheric syndrome

Question 32

Kind of cerebellar syndrome that has a wide-based stance and titubating gait

Answer 32

Rostral vermis syndrome

Question 33

Kind of cerebellar syndrome that is described to having ataxia of gait & with proportionally little ataxia on the heel-to-shin maneuver with the patient lying down

Answer 33

Rostral vermis syndrome

Question 34

Kind of cerebellar syndrome that is described to having axial disequilibrium or truncal ataxia and staggering gait

Answer 34

Caudal vermis syndrome

Question 35

Kind of cerebellar syndrome that is characterized as having little or no limb ataxia ; Sometimes spontaneous nystagmus and rotated postures of the head

Answer 35

Caudal vermis syndrome

Question 36

Kind of cerebellar syndrome that has bilateral signs of cerebellar dysfunction affecting the trunk, limbs, and cranial musculature

Answer 36

Pancerebellar syndrome

Question 37

Etiologies of this syndrome are infectious and parainfectious processes, hypoglycemia, hyperthermia, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with small cell lung cancer (anti-Hu antibodies), breast and ovarian carcinomas (anti-Yo antibodies), or Hodgkin's lymphoma (Tr antibodies); Toxic processes

Answer 37

Pancerebellar syndrome

Question 38

Arises in the posterior part of the vermis and neuroepithelial roof of the fourth ventricle

Answer 38

Medulloblastoma

Question 39

Arises from the lining in the walls of the ventricles ; 70% originate from the 4th ventricle

Answer 39

Ependymoma and Papilloma of the 4thventricle

Question 40

May occur anywhere in the neuraxis

Answer 40

Astrocytoma

Question 41

Occur most often in association with von HippelLindau disease; May have an associated retinal angioma, or hepatic and pancreatic cysts

Answer 41

Hemagioblastoma

Question 42

Tendency to develop malignant renal or adrenal tumors ; Patients may have polycythemia due to elaboration of erythropoietic factor

Answer 42

Hemangioblastoma

Question 43

Congenital anomalies at the base of the brain, consisting of: 1.Extension of a tongue of cerebellar tissue into the cervical canal 2.Displacement of the medulla into the cervical canal

Answer 43

Arnold- chiari syndrome

Question 44

Hydomyelia, syringomyelia are common associated findings

Answer 44

Arnold -Chiari syndrome

Question 45

Almost always secondary to a purulent focus elsewhere in the body ; 40% are related to diseases of the paranasal sinuses, middle ear, mastoid cells

Answer 45

Brain abcesses

Question 46

1/3 lie in the anterolateral part of the cerebellar hemisphere;the remainder occur in the middle and inferior parts of the temporal lobe

Answer 46

Brain abcesses

Question 47

Result from thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebellar vessel

Answer 47

Cerebellar infarction

Question 48

Prominent signs: limb and gait ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus, altered mental status Symptoms: vertigo, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, gait unsteadiness, limb clumsiness, headache, dysarthria, diplopia and decreased level of alertness

Answer 48

Cerebellar infarction

Question 49

Most common sites of cerebellar hemorrhage

Answer 49

* Putamen and adjacent internal capsule * Central white matter of temporal, parietal, or frontal lobes * Thalamus * Cerebellar hemisphere * Pons