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Year 2 Reproduction > Disorders of Menstruation > Flashcards

Disorders of Menstruation Flashcards

1
Q

List terms that describe common menstrual problems

A 
Amenorrhoea
Oligomenorrhoea
Menorrhagia
Dysmenorrhoea
Intermenstrual Bleeding (IMB)
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
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2
Q

What is primary amenorrhoea

A

Failure to establish menstruation by age 16.

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3
Q

What is secondary amenorrhoea

A

Cessation of periods that had been normal previously for at least 6 cycles.

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4
Q

What is oligomennorrhoea?

A

A cycle lasting more than 35 days

4-9 cycles a year

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5
Q

What is the term given to overly painful menstruation associated with ovulatory cycles?

A

Dysmenorrhoea

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6
Q

When you find no cause for irregular heavy bleeding associated with anovolution what term do you give it?

A

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

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7
Q

How heavy does a period have to be to be classified as menorrhagia?

A

> 80mls per menstruation in consecutive cycles

We now also consider a subjective report f heavy bleeding even if the volume is under the cut off.

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8
Q

What is PMS?

A

Cyclical disorder that occurs in the last half of the mental cycle. Symptoms can be physical or psychological, but will resolve when menses start.

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9
Q

The severe end of the spectrum mood symptoms is also known as what?

A

Pemenstrual dysphoric disorder

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10
Q

If you inhibit GnRH or stop Anterior pituitary activity what will happen?

A

Amennorrhoea

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11
Q

What chromosomal anomalies can give menstrual disorders?

A 
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kustner-Hayer Syndrome
XO- Turner's Syndrome
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Swyer Syndrome
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
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12
Q

If hormones affect menstruation which axis is the cause?

A

HPG

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13
Q

How could Fibroids or polyps give menstrual problems?

A

Structural anatomical problems

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14
Q

How does thyroid disease effect menstruation?

A

Overactivity increases bleeding

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15
Q

Why is it important to assess drug history in patients with menstruation disorders?

A

They can affect HPO axis

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16
Q

How can bleeding diathesis lead to a menstrual disorder?

A

Blood won’t clot properly

17
Q

List 3 physiological causes of amenorrhoea

A

Pre-puberty
Pregnancy
Menopause

18
Q

Which tissues can give amenorrhea if they fail to undergo normal endocrine control?

A

Hypothalamus
Pituatary
Ovary
Uterus

19
Q

Which hormone class do we asses levels of to understand the severity of a menstrual pathology?

A

Gonadotrophins (LH and FSH)

20
Q

List the structural anomalies that can lead to menstrual problems.

A 
Agenesis or hypoplasia of genital tract
Leiomyoma
Imperforate hymen
Asherman's syndrome (uterine adhesions)
Cervical stenosis
21
Q

Outline the patient presentation for imperforate hymen.

A

Collection of blood behind hymen extending the uterus up into the abdomen gives a cyclical pain, abdominal swelling and a blue tinge to the vaginal opening in young girls.

22
Q

Which ducts can fuse incorrectly and give uterine problems?

A

Mullherian

23
Q

List causes of Mennorhagia

A 
Leiomyoma
Polyps
Endometrial Cancer
Bleeding Diathesis 
Copper IUCD
Anticoagulants
24
Q

What causes irregular periods?

A 
STIs/PID
Cervical ectopy (post coital bleed)
Endometrial pathology 
Ovarian cyst secreting homones 
Hormonal contraceptions (progesterone onlys)
25
Q

Primary dysmerrohea has what cause?

A

Idiopathic

26
Q

What is irritated in endometriosis giving pain?

A

Peritoneum

27
Q

PMS in its most severe from is known as what?

A

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

28
Q

What should you ask a patient with menstrual disorders?

A

History (age of menarche, onset of problem, cyclical problem, history of cycles, sex history, volume, medical history and symptoms)

29
Q

How do you examine a mentrual disorder patient?

A 
General exam (pale, hairy, normal walk)
Abdomen 
Speculum
Bimanual vaginal exam
Look for secondary sexual characteristics 
Assess chromosomal issues 
Look for discharge, lumps, bumps
Hair growth pattern observations
30
Q

What bloods should you do when assessing menstrual disorders?

A

Gonadotrophins
FBC
Thyroid function test
Karyotyping

31
Q

What imaging techniques would be used in menstrual disorder assessments?

A

Ultrasounds

MRI

32
Q

To view inside the uterus you would perform…. and to view inside the … you would use laproscopey

A

hysteroscopy

abdomen

33
Q

How can a patient be affected by menstrual disorders

A

Physically
Psychologically
Socially

34
Q

How do we manage menstrual disorders?

A

Treat the underlying cause.
Listen, empathise, acknowledge symptoms.
Affect the HPO axis or surgery

Year 2 Reproduction (8 decks)

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