Disorders of the Eyelid

Question 1

Congenital Abnormalities of the eyelid (6)

Answer 1

1) Ankyloblepharon
2) Pathologic Ankyloblepharon
3) Eyelid agenesis
4) Eyelid dermoid
5) Macroblepharon
6) Lagophthalmos

Question 2

Ankyloblepharon (3)

Answer 2

1) palpebral fissure sealed @ birth
2) physiologic in dogs/cats up to 10-15 days of age
3) if eyelids open prematurely exposure KCS & ulcerations

Question 3

Pathologic Ankyloblepharon (4)

Answer 3

1) Delayed or complete failure of eyelid opening
2) Ophthalmia neonatorum
3) Staph in dogs
4) Chlamydial in cats

Question 4

Eyelid Agenesis (3)

Answer 4

1) complete or partial undeveloped eyelid
2) cats
3) friction b/w haired skin & cornea = keratitits

Question 5

Eyelid dermoid (3)

Answer 5

1) ectopic island of skin @ the eyelid margin
2) French bulldog, shih tze, German shepherd, dachshund & dalmatians
3) surgical removal of abnormal tissue

Question 6

Macroblepharon (4)

Answer 6

1) overly large palpebral fissure
2) brachycephalic & spaniel breeds
3) contributes to KCS, proptosis & lagophthalmos
4) can cause pigmentary keratitis

Question 7

Lagophthalmos (4)

Answer 7

1) inability to close close eyelids completely
2) brachycephalic breeds
3) facial nerve paralysis, exophthalmia, buphthalmia
4) can cause keratitis

Question 8

Abnormal Hairs: Structural Abnormalities (3)

Answer 8

1) distichiasis
2) trichiasis
3) ectopic cilia

Question 9

Distichiasis (3)

Answer 9

1) single or multiple hairs arising from the meibomian gland openings
2) possible inherited etiology
3) epiphora, tear staining, blepharospasm & keratitis

Question 10

Trichiasis (3)

Answer 10

1) normal cilia or facial hair directed towards the cornea
2) Congenital: entropion, eyelid angenesis & dermoid
3) Acquired: eye lid lacerations & bothced surgeries

Question 11

Ectopic cilia (3)

Answer 11

1) cilia emerging through palpebral conjunctiva
2) young dogs
3) upper eyelid most common

Question 12

Entropion (5)

Answer 12

1) inversion of the eyelid
2) haired skin contacts the conjunctiva & corneal surfaces
3) blepharospasm, epiphora, corneal pigmentation & ulceration
4) primary: congenital or developmental
5) secondary: cicatrical or spastic

Question 13

Ectropion (6)

Answer 13

1) eversion of the eyelid margin
2) over- exposure of the conjunctiva & corneal surfaces
3) typically accompanied by macroblepharon
4) Conformation
5) transient fatigue
6) secondary

Question 14

Eyelid lacerations (3)

Answer 14

1) partial vs. full-thickness
2) marginal vs. nonmarginal
3) usually require surgical correction

Question 15

Blepharitis (2)

Answer 15

1) inflammation of the eyelids
2) infectious etiologies & immune mediated etiologies

Question 16

Chalazion (3)

Answer 16

1) impacted meibomian gland
2) firm non-painful swelling
3) treatment is warm packing, curettage, +/- antibiotics

Question 17

Dog Eyelid Neoplasia (3)

Answer 17

1) meibomian gland adenomas & epitheliomas (most common)
2) Melanomas
3) Papillomas

Question 18

Cat Eyelid neoplasia (3)

Answer 18

1) should always be considered malignant
2) mast cell tumors
3) hemangiomas

Question 19

Horse eyelid neoplasia (3)

Answer 19

1) squamous cell carcinoma: high recurrence rate
2) sarcoid: recurrence is common
3) melanoma; locally invasive

Question 20

Retained Spectacle (3)

Answer 20

1) eyelids do not shed appropriately
2) reptiles
3) treatment: increase humidity & lubrication