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Oral Pathology > Disorders of the Liver & Pancreas > Flashcards

Disorders of the Liver & Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of the Liver?

A
  1. Secretion of Bile
  2. Detoxification
  3. Metabolism
  4. Storage (3 major food groups)
  5. Maintain Blood sugar levels
  6. Synthesis of Proteins
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2
Q

What proteins are synthesized by the liver?

A

Prothrombin and fibrinogen, necessary for clotting

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3
Q

True or false; the liver is the largest GLAND in the body?

A

true

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4
Q

Where is the liver located in the body?

A

Upper right quadrant of the abdomen.

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5
Q

What does it mean to say that the liver has a “great reserve capacity?

A

Great portions of the liver can be destroyed and the remaining portion can still take care of the body needs.

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6
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Yellow coloration of the skin and the sclera of the eyes due to accumulations of bilirubin in the tissues.

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7
Q

How is bilirubin formed?

A

The breakdown of RBC with the conversion of hemoglobin to biliverdin and then bilirubin.

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8
Q

When is juandice seen?

A
  1. If there is a problem where the liver does not take up the bilirubin for processing
  2. It doesn’t combine with other molecules for excretion
  3. An exceptionally large breakdown of RBC’s with abnormally lg. amounts of bilirubin is released into the blood.
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9
Q

True or False; Jaundice is a disease?

A

False; it is an indication of a problem with the liver and associated structures or the blood.

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10
Q

What is fatty degeneration associated with?

A

Organs that metabolize fat.

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11
Q

Does the liver metabolize fat?

A

yes

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12
Q

Fatty change is a common pathology associated with what?

A

Chronic Alcoholism

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13
Q

Is fatty change reversible?

A

Yes, if the causative agent is removed.

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14
Q

True or false; fatty degeneration can progress to cirrhosis and cirrhosis is irreversible.

A

Yes, in many cases of alcoholism.

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15
Q

What are some causes of cirrhosis of theliver?

A
  1. Alcoholism

2. Overuse of Tylenol

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16
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

A fibrosis of the liver tissue with the fibrosis causing a change in the internal architecture of the liver as a gland

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17
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

A fibrosis of the liver tissue with the fibrosis causing a change in the internal architecture of the liver as a gland

18
Q

As cirrhosis progresses it can cause the liver to fail…what is this called?

A

Portal Hypertension

19
Q

True or false; trauma to a person with an enlarged liver can cause rupture and internal bleeding?

A

true

20
Q

How does the liver become enlarged?

A

Fatty degeneration causing a large fat content and the organ to become weak.

21
Q

What is the step by step process that causes portal hypertension?

A
  1. fatty degeneration (liver cells)
  2. fibrous tissue (decrease in liver function)
  3. reduction of blood flow (causes portal hypertension)
22
Q

How does alcohol cause cirrhosis of the liver?

A

Alcohol and the metabolites of alcohol are toxic to liver cells.

23
Q

What are the first signs of cirrhosis?

A
  1. Distention of the abdomen
  2. Wasting of the patient’s extremities
  3. Jaundice
  4. Bleeding problems
24
Q

What causes distention of the abdomen?

A

Backup of blood flowing through the liver (portal hypertension).

25
Q

Why do bleeding problems occur in cirrhosis of the liver?

A

The disruption in the production of clotting factors that occurs in the liver (fibrinogen and prothrombin).

26
Q

What other pathology is associated with the liver?

A

Hepatitis

27
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver.

28
Q

What viruses can cause inflammation of the liver?

A
  1. Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus)

2. Herpes virus

29
Q

True or false; Epstein-Barr virus causes inflammation but the major problem is mononucleosis?

A

True

30
Q

Viral hepatitis is referring to which types of viruses?

A

Viruses that cause a primary problem in the liver and nowhere else.
i.e. Mononucleosis not the Epstein-Barr virus.

31
Q

Viral hepatitis is referring to which types of viruses?

A

Viruses that cause a primary problem in the liver and nowhere else.

32
Q

What are characteristics of Hepatitis A?

A
  1. Least serious of the four.
  2. Short incubation period (2-6wks)
  3. Recovery is uneventful and complete.
  4. Also known as infectious hepatitis.
33
Q

What are characteristics of Hepatitis B?

A
  1. Known as serum hepatitis.
  2. Transmitted through blood or other body secretions similar to aids.
  3. Incubation period (2-3months)
  4. Can lapse into a chronic state leading to cirrhosis of the liver.
  5. Can also become an asymptomatic carrier state- carrier of the virus
34
Q

True or false; the hepatitis virus has surface antigens and the body can form antibodies against it?

A

True, there are different antigens for each type so having antibodies against one type will NOT make you immune to other types.

35
Q

True or false; there is a vaccine against Hep B?

A

True, two forms; highly purified blood from an infected person or genetic engineering and the use of yeast cells.

36
Q

What are characteristics of Hep C?

A
  1. Known as non-A, and non-B
  2. Transmission via blood transfusions
  3. 25% of Hep cases are this type
  4. More common cause of chronic Hep.
  5. No vaccine
37
Q

What is the delta type of Hep?

A

Latest discovery in viral hep. Thought to be caused by defective virus which only causes symptoms if the patient is also infected by another type of hep virus.

38
Q

What happens during the incubation period of Hep?

A

Patient is asymptomatic but have biochemical indication of liver damage.

39
Q

What are symptoms of Hep?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Weakness
  3. Vomiting
  4. Chills
  5. Headaches
  6. Painful enlargement of the liver with jaundice.
40
Q

What is the clinical course of illness for typeA hep?

A

4-6 weeks and longer for others.

Oral Pathology (2 decks)

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