Disorders of the mouth

Question 1

What are effects of aging?

Answer 1

Taste sensations decrease
Foods taste bitter
Tooth enamel wears away (damage and decay)
Modest decrease in saliva

Question 2

What is the presentation of mouth sores?

Answer 2

Raised, fluid-filled, ulcerous

Ulcers appear white because of the dead cells and food debris inside the hole

Question 3

What are aphthous ulcers?

Answer 3

Canker sores

Small painful sores

Question 4

What is the appearance of aphthous ulcers?

Answer 4

Round white spot with a red border and forms on tissue on the inside of the lip or cheek, on the tongue, the floor of the mouth or soft palate, or in the throat

Question 5

How quickly can aphthous ulcers heal on their owns?

Answer 5

10 days

Question 6

Do aphthous ulcers leave scars?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What is the treatment for aphthous ulcers?

Answer 7

Mouth rinse anesthetics (lidocaine)
Anti-inflammatory
Abx
Oral corticosteroids

Question 8

What age do we not use benzocaine in?

Answer 8

Less than 2 yo

Question 9

What anti-inflammatories are used for aphthous ulcers?

Answer 9

Amlexanox paste
Triamcinolone
Dexamethasone

Question 10

What abx are used for aphthous ulcers?

Answer 10

Tetracycline
Minocycline
Chlorhexadine

Question 11

What cream is not recommended for aphthous ulcers?

Answer 11

Silver nitrate

Question 12

What is the DOC for aphthous ulcers?

Answer 12

Amlexanox paste

Question 13

What are cold sores?

Answer 13

Recurring sores in which small fluid-filled sores develop on the skin, lips, or mouth in single or multiple clusters

Question 14

When are cold sores contracted?

Answer 14

Childhood

Question 15

How does a pt acquire cold sores?

Answer 15

Contagious

Question 16

When is a patient contagious for cold sores?

Answer 16

From the time the tingling prodrome starts until the sore has completely crusted over

Question 17

What can cause cold-sore flare ups?

Answer 17

Sunburn on lips
Certain foods
Anxiety
Cold
Fever

Question 18

What is the treatment for cold sores?

Answer 18

Lidocaine
Valtrex
Acyclovir
Xerese (acyclovir + hydrocortisone)
OTC: docosanol (abreva)

Question 19

When should cold sore treatment be started?

Answer 19

W/in 48 hours of sx onset

Question 20

Which treatment for cold sores does not inhibit viral replication?

Answer 20

Abreva

Question 21

When should suppressive treatment be used in cold sores?

Answer 21

Frequent outbreaks
Severe herpes
Impaired immune system

Question 22

Why are corticosteroids not used for cold sores?

Answer 22

May allow infection to spread

Question 23

What is periodontal disease?

Answer 23

Simple infection of the gums to serious bacteria

Question 24

What is the cause of periodontal disease?

Answer 24

Bacteria

Question 25

Who is most likely to have periodontal disease?

Answer 25

``` Poor oral hygiene Smokers Diabetes Poor nutrition Leukemia AIDs ```

Question 26

What is gingivitis?

Answer 26

Inflammation of the gums

Question 27

What is the presentation of gingivitis?

Answer 27

Gums become red and swollen and bleed easily

Question 28

What is the most common cause of gingivitis?

Answer 28

Inadequate brushing and flossing

Question 29

What can gingivitis lead to?

Answer 29

Periodontitis

Question 30

What drugs cause gingivitis?

Answer 30

Phenytoin Cyclosporine CCBs Oral/injectable contraceptives

Question 31

What states can worsen gingivitis?

Answer 31

Pregnancy and menopause

Question 32

What is the first sign of leukemia in children?

Answer 32

Gingivitis

Question 33

What vitamin deficiencies can cause gingivitis?

Answer 33

Vitamin C | Niacin

Question 34

Which vitamin deficiency can lead to thrush?

Answer 34

Niacin

Question 35

What is acute herpetic gingivostomatitis?

Answer 35

Painful viral infection of the gums and other parts of the mouth caused by the herpes virus Heals on its own in 2 weeks

Question 36

What is thrush?

Answer 36

Overgrowth of Candida albicans forms a white film that irritates the gums leaving a bleeding surface when wiped away

Question 37

How is thrush treated?

Answer 37

Nystatin Troches Fluconazole Clotrimazole

Question 38

What are dental caries?

Answer 38

Destruction of the hard surfact of the tooth that begins asx and ultimately results in an infection of dental pulp

Question 39

What is the primary cause of dental caries?

Answer 39

S mutans

Question 40

What bacteria can occur when there is progression of dental carries?

Answer 40

Peptostreptococcus species Bacteroides Fusobacterium

Question 41

What are the treatments for dental caries infections?

Answer 41

Pen VK (DOC) Keflex (2nd) Clinda (Pen allergy)

Question 42

What are salivary gland disorders?

Answer 42

Salivary gland malfunction | Salivary gland swelling

Question 43

What is salivary gland malfunction?

Answer 43

Certain diseases and disorders can cause the salivary glands to malfunction and decrease saliva production

Question 44

What drugs can cause salivary gland malfunction?

Answer 44

``` Antidepressants Antihistamines Antipsychotics Sedatives Methyldopa Diuretics ```

Question 45

What diseases may cause salivary gland malfunction?

Answer 45

``` PD Depression Chronic pain HIV infection Sjogren's syndrome ```

Question 46

What causes salivary gland swelling?

Answer 46

Stones cause a blockage and bacteria infects the fluid

Question 47

What is TMJ?

Answer 47

Muscle pain and tightness around the jaw | Mainly from overuse, trying to open the jaw too widely, or clenching and grinding the teeth at night

Question 48

Who is most likely to get TMJ?

Answer 48

Women in early 20s and 40-50s

Question 49

What may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth?

Answer 49

Tetracycline use in children (8 or younger) and pregnancy

Question 50

What are treatments for TMJ?

Answer 50

Splint therapy Muscle relaxants ASA/NSAIDs