Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Patho - Neuro > Disorders of Vasculature & Intracranial Aneurysm > Flashcards

Disorders of Vasculature & Intracranial Aneurysm Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

*2 types of stroke

A

ischemic - lack of oxygen

hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do we classify a stroke or CVA

A

acute neurologic deficit lasting >24hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is an ischemic stroke

A

occlusion of artery/interruption of blood flow to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

one of the most common neurologic disorders, the most common reason for long-term disability

A

stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an hemorrhagic stroke

A

hemorrhage/bleeding in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which type of stroke has a poorer outcome

A

hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a stroke can also be referred to as this

A

brain attack - as serious as a heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

strokes have a very high mortality rate, many times from secondary causes t or f

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

non-modifiable risk fxr r/t stroke

A

thins we cant control (age, family hx, race, gender)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

***modifiable risk fxrs r/t stroke

A

***HTN - single most modifiable risk factor (both types)
smoking - atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries)
heart disease (ischemic strokes) - a lot of plaque in arteries
A FIB
drug abuse (hemorrhagic stroke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

**most modifiable risk factor for strokes

A

HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

risk fxr specific to ischemic stroke

A

heart disease

htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

risk fxr specific to hemorrhagic stroke

A

drug abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

patho of ischemic stroke

A

blood is supplied to the brain by 2 main pairs of arteries, carotid and vertebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what area of the brain do carotid arteries feed

A

frontal area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what area of the brain do vertebral arteries feed

A

posterior circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

do anterior and posterior cerebral circulation communicate with each other

A

yes - circle of willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what allows anterior and posterior cerebral circulation to communicate with each other

A

circle of willis - re-routes blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why does the brain require continuous supply of blood to the neurons

A

it needs glucose and oxygen for neurons to fxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens if blood flow to brain is interrupted

A

in 30 sec - neurologic metabolism is altered
in 2 min - metabolism stops
in 5 min - cell death occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

other fxrs affecting blood flow to the brain

A

ICP
blood viscosity
Systemic BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is collateral circulation

A

Circle of Willis - an area of the brain can receive blood flow from another vessel if original blood supply is cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

one of the primary causes of an ischemic stroke

A

atherosclerosis in areas where vessels split in 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when somebody has an ischemic event, occlusion of blood flow to the brain, we will typically see a

A

pneumbra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
*what is a pneumbra?
an area around the ischemia where blood flow circles | *can last for up to 3 hrs.
26
why is pneumbra a good thing
its preventing further spread of infarction
27
most common type of stroke
ischemic
28
3 different types of ischemic strokes
thrombotic embolic lacunar
29
what happens in a thrombotic stroke
injury of blood vessel wall, forming clot, lumen narrows, impeding blood flow to brain mostly in areas of plaque build-up
30
what happens in a embolic stroke
an embolus lodges and occludes a cerebral artery
31
most common type of ischemic strokes
thrombotic
32
**we associate thrombotic strokes with what
*HTN and Diabetes
33
*why do we associate diabetes and htn with a thrombotic stroke
overtime HTN and diabetes damage the vessel walls
34
how does a thrombotic stroke present
slow onset after 3 days - complete occlusion of blood flow brain tissue = edema (ldg to lgr area of damage)
35
***when you think of an embolic stroke think of this
*A Fib - clot from heart
36
how do we prevent clots so they don't lead to embolic strokes
blood thinners - warfarin
37
other less common causes of clots r/t embolic strokes
rheumatic fever endocarditis cardiac infection - atrial septal defect from birth air or fat embolism (fracture in pelvis/femur - males)
38
how does a embolic stroke present
fast onset pt. will remain alert severe neurologic deficits
39
can collateral circulation help during an embolic stroke
no - happens to quickly
40
prognosis for embolic strokes
depends on area of the brain that's been effected
41
what is going on in an embolic stroke if pt. is bad then symptoms that appear to resolve
a clot gets lodged, blood flow builds-up and pushes clot along
42
what is a TIA (transient ischemic attack)
mini-stroke - temp
43
is there tissue death with a TIA
no - not classified as a stroke
44
***difference between embolic stroke and TIA
embolic stroke = MRI shows area of cell death | TIA = no noticeable areas of brain infarct/cell death
45
what do Tia events represent
warning signs - an ischemic stroke is likely - usually caused by stenosis/narrowing of the carotid arteries
46
what happens in hemorrhagic stroke
bleeding in the brain tissue/ventricles leading to ischemia = cell death
47
regardless of what type of stroke you have, the end result (s/s) will remain the same, t or f
true - cell-death - cerebral edema
48
when you think of hemorrhagic strokes think of this
cerebral aneurysm
49
what is a cerebral aneurysm
weakness of cerebral blood vessel
50
where do cerebral aneurysms usually occur
circle of willis - causing impairment of collateral circ.
51
2 different types of aneurysm's
saccular (berry aneurysm) | fusiform
52
which type of aneurysms is most likely to rupture
saccular (berry) - all blood flow is pressing on 1 area
53
what size aneurysm do we get concerned with
anything over 2-5mm is more likely to rupture
54
2 types of hemorrhagic strokes
intracerebral hemorrhage | sub-arachnoid hemorrhage
55
what happens in intra-cerebral hemorrhagic stroke
ruptured cerebral vessel caused by aneurysm | bleeding into brain - blood sits, clots, causing massive cell death - cerebral edema - massive IICP very quickly
56
prognosis w/intra-cerebral hemorrhagic stroke
poor
57
when does intra-cerebral hemorrhagic stroke occur
during periods of activity
58
s/s of intra-cerebral hemorrhage
area of bleed dictates symptoms - if your lucky symptoms r/t IICP -come on quickly - worsen over time neurologic deficits
59
what area of the brain would an intra-cerebral hemorrhage have the worst prognosis
pons - pontanel
60
what is the pons responsible for
auto-regulation - breathing
61
what happens in sub-arachnoid hemorrhage
bleeding into the CSF space caused by trauma, cocaine, *ruptured aneurysm
62
**how does a sub-arachnoid hemorrhage present
``` ***the worst headache of my life - won't go away LOC changes although time-line varies IICP seizures stiff neck n/v blurred vision/double-vision ```
63
in a sub-arachnoid hemorrhage often times there is no warning, t or f
true - known as a silent killer
64
what determines long-term (after 48 hrs) clinical manifestations of a stroke
size/location of infarct
65
what are some long-term s/s r/t motor fxn w/stroke
akinesia - difficulty w/voluntary body movements speech gag reflex self-care deficits impaired resp fxn (dependent on IICP - *Pons = severely effected)
66
where will hemi-plegia occur after stroke
opposite the side of stroke (infarct on rt hemi - paralysis on left side)
67
with brocas aphasia what area of the brain is affected
frontal lobe
68
with wernicke's aphasia what area of the brain is affected
parietal/temporal
69
what is broca's aphasia
difficulty speaking/writing - short sentences
70
what is wernicke's aphasia
no-one can understand what pt is saying - long sentences | pt can understand but cannot communicate it
71
what does aphasia mean
inability to express
72
what is dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
73
what is dysarthia
trouble with annunciation - slurred slow speech
74
what are some long-term s/s w/stroke
diff. controlling emotions -depressed memory/judgment impairment incontinence - usually temp. inability to recognize self in space(this is up/this is down) blindness agnosia - inability to recognize self/others/objects apraxia - skilled sequential movement
75
LOCATION of the brain tissue affected is | what determines the S/S, t or f
true
76
dx studies for suspected stroke
CT scan cerebral blood flow studies cardiac studies (a fib?)

Patho - Neuro (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions