Disparities in wealth and development Flashcards
(41 cards)
Gross Domestic Product(GDP)
Total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year.
Development
Use of resources to improve the quality of life in a country
Gross National Income(GNI)
Total value of goods and services produced within a country, together with its income received from other countries, less similar payments made to other countries.
Gross National Income per capita
The GNI of a country divided by its total population.
GNI at purchsing power parity(PPP)
The GNI of a country is converted into US dollars on the basis of how the value of the currency compares with that of other countries.
Development gap
Difference in income and the quality of life in general between the richest and poorest countries in the world.
Human Development Index(HDI)
Measure of development which combines three important aspects of human well-being: life expectancy, education and income.
Least developed countries(LDCs)
Poorest and weakest economies in the developing world.
UNCTAD
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Newly industralised countries(NICs)
Countries that have undergone rapid and successful industralisation since the 1960s.
Education
Gradual process of aquiring knowledge, understanding and skills.
Adult literacy rate
Percentage of the adult population with basic reading and writing skills.
Sustainable development
Development that seeks to meet the needs of the present with concerns about the needs of future generations.
Malnutrition
Condition that develops when body does not get enough nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function.
Marginalisation
Process of being pushed to the edge of economic activity, of being largely left out of positive economic trends.
Gini coefficient
Statistical technique used to show the extent of income inequality in a country. Values between 0 and 1, low value more equal income distribution, high - more unequal.
Cumulative causation
Process whereby a significant increase in economic growth can lead to even more growth as more money circulates in the economy.
Economic core region
The most highly developed region in a country with advanced systems of infrastructure and high levels of investment resulting in high average income.
Periphery
Parts of a country outside the economic core region. Level of economic development in the periphery is significantly below that of the core.
Slum
Heavily populated urban area characterised by substandard(poniżej standardu) housing and squalor(nędza).
Urbanisation of poverty
Gradual shift of global poverty from rural to urban areas with increasing urbanisation.
Privatisation
The sale of state owned assets to the private sector.
Modernisation theory
Deterministic approach based on the economic history of a number of developed countries. Distinct economic and social changes are required for a country to move from one stage to another.
Dependency theory
Blames the relative underdevelopment of the developing world on exploitation by the developed world, first through colonialism and then by the various elements of neo-colonialism.