Populations in transition

Question 0

Carrying capacity

Answer 0

The largest population that the resources of a given environment can support.

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

The spread of phenomenon over time and space.

Question 2

Demography

Answer 2

The scientific study of human populations.

Question 3

Population momentum

Answer 3

The tendency for population growth to continue beyond the time that replacement level fertility has been achieved, because of relatively high concentration of people in the child-bearing years. This situation is due to past high fertility rates which results in a large number of young people.

Question 4

Demographic transition

Answer 4

The historical shift of birth and death rates from high to low levels in a population.

Question 5

Crude birth rate

Answer 5

The number of births per 1000 population in a given year. It is only a very broad indicator as it does not take into account the age and gender distribution of the population.

Question 6

Crude death rate

Answer 6

The number of deaths per 1000 population in a given year. Only a broad indicator as it is heavily influenced by the age structure of the population.

Question 7

Rate of natural change

Answer 7

The difference between the birth and death rate.

Question 8

Census

Answer 8

An official periodic count of a population including such information as age, gender, occupation and ethnic origin.

Question 9

Natural decrease

Answer 9

When number of births is lower than deaths.

Question 10

Immigration

Answer 10

Migration of people into a country from one or more countries.

Question 11

Emigration

Answer 11

Migration of people from a country to one or more countries.

Question 12

Net migration

Answer 12

The difference between immigration and emigration for a particular country.

Question 13

Fertility rate

Answer 13

Number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-49 years in a given year.

Question 14

Total fertility rate

Answer 14

The average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime, if she were to pass through her child-bearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year.

Question 15

Replacement level fertility

Answer 15

The level at which each generation has just enough children to replace themselves in a population. Although the level varies for different populations, a total fertility rate of 2.12 children is usually considered as replacement level.

Question 16

Infant mortality rate

Answer 16

The number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1000 live births in a given year.

Question 17

Child mortality rate

Answer 17

The number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births in a given year.

Question 18

Life expectancy

Answer 18

The average number of years a person may expect to live when born, assuming past trends continue.

Question 19

Population structure

Answer 19

Composition of a population, the most important elements of which are age and sex.

Question 20

Population pyramid

Answer 20

Bar chart, arranged vertically, that shows the distribution of a population by age and gender.

Question 21

Sex ratio

Answer 21

The number of males per 100 females in a population.

Question 22

Popular projection

Answer 22

The prediction of future populations based on the present age-gender structure and with present rates of fertility, mortality and migration.

Question 23

Dependency ratio

Answer 23

Ratio of the number of people under 15 and over 64 years to those 15-64 years of age.

Question 24

Youth dependency ratio

Answer 24

Ratio of the number of people 0-14 to those 15-64 years of age.

Question 25

Elderly dependency ratio

Answer 25

Ratio of the number of people aged 65 and over to those aged 15-64.

Question 26

Ageing ratio

Answer 26

Proportion of people 65 and over years old to the total population.

Question 27

Median age

Answer 27

Age at which half the population is younger and half is older.

Question 28

Ageing population

Answer 28

Rise in median age of a population which occurs when fertility declines while life expectancy remains constant or increases.

Question 29

Population policy

Answer 29

When a government has a stated aim on an aspect of its population and it undertakes measures to achieve that aim.

Question 30

Pro-natalist policy

Answer 30

Population policy that aims to encourage more births through the use of incentives(zachęty).

Question 31

Anti-natalist policy

Answer 31

Population policy designed to limit fertility through the use, both, of incentives and deterrents(środki odstraszające, represje).

Question 32

Migration

Answer 32

Movement of people across a specified boundary, inter- or national, to establish a new permanent place of residence(lasting more than 1 year).

Question 33

Voluntary migration

Answer 33

When an individual or household has a free choice about whether to move or not.

Question 34

Forced migration

Answer 34

Occurs when the individual/household has little or no choice but to move.

Question 35

Push factors

Answer 35

Negative conditions at the point of origin which encourage/force people to move.

Question 36

Pull factors

Answer 36

Positive conditions at the point of destination which encourage people to move.

Question 37

Internal migration

Answer 37

Migration within the same country.

Question 38

Formal sector

Answer 38

Jobs in the formal sector are known to the government department that is responsible for taxation, and to other government offices. Such jobs generally provide better pay and much greater security.

Question 39

Informal sector

Answer 39

The part of economy operating outside of official recognition. Employment is generally low-paid, often temporary and/or part-time.

Question 40

Refugee

Answer 40

Person who has been forced to leave home and country, because of 'a well-founded fear of persecution' on account of race, religion, social group or political opinion.

Question 41

Internally displaced people

Answer 41

People who are forced to leave their home, but they remain in the same country.

Question 42

Remittances

Answer 42

Money sent back by migrants to their family in the home community.

Question 43

Diaspora

Answer 43

Dispersal of people from their original homeland.

Question 44

Multiplier effect

Answer 44

Where an increase in the money supply in a region, sets off an upward spiral of development as this money circulates in the economy.

Question 45

Gender

Answer 45

Socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.

Question 46

Society norms

Answer 46

Rules for how people should act in a given group/society. Often different for men and women. Any behaviour outside these norms is considered abnormal.

Question 47

Culture

Answer 47

Total of inherited ideas, beliefs, values and knowledge that constitutes(stanowi) the shared basis of social action.

Question 48

Status(with regard to gender)

Answer 48

Relatives position/standing of men and women in a society.

Question 49

Unemployment gender ratio

Answer 49

Female unemployment rate as a percentage of the male unemployment rate.

Question 50

Pro-poor growth

Answer 50

To increase incomes of the poorest people at rates above the national average.