Dissection 3- Hip and Posterior Thigh

Question 1

What are the 4 muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 1

Semimembranosus, semitendinosis, long head of biceps femoris, short head of biceps femoris

Question 2

What is the general name for 3/4 of the posterior thigh muscles?

Answer 2

Hamstrings

Question 3

Which of the posterior thigh muscles is not a hamstring?

Answer 3

Short head of the biceps femoris

Question 4

Where is the proximal attachment of the hamstring muscles?

Answer 4

Ischial tuberosity

Question 5

Where, in general terms, do the hamstring muscles attach distally?

Answer 5

One of the bones of the leg

Question 6

What are the hamstring muscles innervated by?

Answer 6

The tibial division of the sciatic nerve

Question 7

The hamstring muscles act on which two joints?

Answer 7

Hip and knee

Question 8

The hamstring muscles have what effect at the hip?

Answer 8

Extension

Question 9

The hamstring muscles have what effect at the knee?

Answer 9

Flexion

Question 10

Hip extension and knee flexion can be performed maximally at the same time. True or false?

Answer 10

False.

Question 11

The tendons of the hamstring muscles bind what structure and in what directions?

Answer 11

The popliteal fossa- superomedially and superolaterally

Question 12

Where do the semimembranosus and semitendinosis attach distally?

Answer 12

The proximal tibia

Question 13

How can the semitendinosus muscle be identified?

Answer 13

It has a longer tendon than other muscles

Question 14

How can the semimembranosus be identified?

Answer 14

It has a shiny, membranous appearance

Question 15

Where do both heads of the biceps femoris attach distally?

Answer 15

Lateral aspect of the head of the fibula

Question 16

Where does the short head of the biceps femoris attach proximally?

Answer 16

Linea aspera of femur

Question 17

What joint(s) does the short head of biceps femoris cross?

Answer 17

Knee

Question 18

What is the nerve supply to the short head of biceps femoris?

Answer 18

Common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve

Question 19

Which of the muscles in the posterior thigh are most lateral?

Answer 19

The two heads of the biceps femoris

Question 20

Which of the muscles in the posterior thigh are most medial?

Answer 20

Semimembranosis and semitendinosis

Question 21

What does the sciatic nerve supply?

Answer 21

Posterior thigh, some muscles in all compartments of the leg, intrinsic muscles of the foot

Question 22

What does the sciatic nerve divide into?

Answer 22

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Question 23

Where can the division of the sciatic nerve occur?

Answer 23

Between the gluteal region and popliteal fossa

Question 24

Where is the division of the sciatic nerve most commonly found?

Answer 24

Inferior third of the thigh

Question 25

What does the sciatic nerve lie posterior to in the posterior thigh?

Answer 25

Adductor magnus

Question 26

What does the sciatic nerve lie anterior to in the posterior thigh?

Answer 26

Long head of biceps femoris

Question 27

The sciatic nerve is so large it receives its own branch of what artery? What is this branch known as?

Answer 27

Inferior gluteal artery- artery to the sciatic nerve

Question 28

The ligaments of the hip joint pass in a spiral manner from where to where?

Answer 28

Pelvis to femur

Question 29

What are the 3 main ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 29

- Iliofemoral ligament - Pubofemoral ligament - Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 30

Which of the hip joint ligaments is Y shaped?

Answer 30

Iliofemoral

Question 31

From which directions does the iliofemoral ligament reinforce the hip joint?

Answer 31

Anteriorly and superiorly

Question 32

Where does the iliofemoral ligament attach between?

Answer 32

ASIS and intertrochanteric line

Question 33

The iliofemoral ligament prevents which movement?

Answer 33

Hyperextension of the hip

Question 34

From which directions does the pubofemoral ligament reinforce the hip joint?

Answer 34

Inferiorly and anteriorly

Question 35

Where does the pubofemoral ligament arise from? Where does it merge with?

Answer 35

- Obturator crest | - Fibrous layer of the joint capsule

Question 36

What movement does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?

Answer 36

Excessive abduction of the hip

Question 37

The ischiofemoral ligament reinforces the hip joint from what direction?

Answer 37

Posteriorly

Question 38

Where does the ischiofemoral ligament attach between?

Answer 38

Ischial acetabular ring and neck of femur

Question 39

What type of joint is the hip?

Answer 39

Multi-axial ball and socket synovial joint

Question 40

The femoral artery gives off which artery which then branches into the medial circumflex arteries which give off what branches?

Answer 40

- Profunda femoris artery | - Reticular branches

Question 41

What artery gives off the profunda femoris artery which then branches into what arteries that give off the reticular branches?

Answer 41

- Femoral artery | - Medial circumflex arteries

Question 42

Where do the reticular branches run?

Answer 42

Synovial folds of the femoral neck

Question 43

Where does the artery to the head of the femur come from?

Answer 43

Obturator artery

Question 44

Fractures where often disrupt the blood supply to the femoral head?

Answer 44

Neck of femur fractures

Question 45

What arteries supply most of the blood to the femoral head/neck?

Answer 45

Medial circumflex arteries

Question 46

In neck of femur fractures, what arteries are often torn?

Answer 46

Retinacular arteries

Question 47

What structure increases the depth of the acetabulum?

Answer 47

The labrum

Question 48

Which ligament attaches the femur to the depth of the acetabulum?

Answer 48

Ligament of the head of femur

Question 49

When is the ligament to the head of femur often torn?

Answer 49

Hip dislocation

Question 50

What artery runs within the ligament to the head of femur?

Answer 50

Artery to head of femur

Question 51

The artery to the head of femur supplies a minimal supply of oxygenated blood to where?

Answer 51

The juvenile femur

Question 52

What happens to the artery of the head of femur in adults?

Answer 52

It is obliterated