Dissociative Halluncinogens Flashcards
PCP effects shooting up
shooting up in 2-5 minutes
PCP effects smoking
smoking begins within 2-5 minutes and peaks at 15-30 minutes
PCP effects swallowed
swallowed effects start within 30 minutes and peak in about 2-5 hours
Ketamine timing injected
1 minute if injected
Ketamine timing snorted
5-15 minutes
Ketamine timing swallowed
30 minutes if swallowed
Ketamine subjective experiences
loss of time sense, insights into experience, leaving one’s body, at one with the universe
Dissociative hallucinogen behavioral/cognitive effects
hallucinations, difficulty concentrating, confusion, memory loss
Dissociative hallucinogen physiological effects
analgesia, highly reinforcing
Reinforcing
self administration, both activate midbrain DA cell firing and stimulate DA release in the dorsal striatum, NAcc and PFC
Rewarding effects in non-users
in human volunteers without prior exposure to ketamine had increases in drug liking and desire for more drug
Tolerance
when used every day, tolerance develops
Withdrawal
vocalizations, grinding of the teeth, diarrhea, difficulty staying awake, anxiety, confusion, tremores
Pharmacodynamics
uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists, binding site inside ionophore
Uncompetitive NMDAr antagonists
blocking cortical GABAergic interneurons increases cortical glutamate release
