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Psychopharmacology exam 4 > Nicotine > Flashcards

Nicotine Flashcards

1
Q

Current use in US

A

15.6% smoking, 4.7% vaping

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2
Q

Absorption

A

carried into lungs on tar, reaches brain within 7 seconds of first puff

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3
Q

Metabolism

A

70-80% transformed quickly into cotinine by CYP2A6 enzyme

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4
Q

Half-life

A

approx 2 hrs

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5
Q

Route of admin

A

inhalation, nasal, oral, transdermal

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6
Q

Bioavailability function

A

first order kinetics

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7
Q

Smoking vs vaping bioavailability

A

very similar

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8
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

cholinergic agonist at nicotinic receptors; downstream releases ACh, NE, E, DA, 5-HT, glutamate, and GABA

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9
Q

Types of receptors

A

alpha4beta2 receptor has higher affinity; alpha7 receptor has lower affinity

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10
Q

Expectations

A

expectations significantly influence the subjective effect

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11
Q

Positive effects

A

cognitive enhancement, analgesia, antipsychotic

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12
Q

Negative effects

A

gastrointestinal distress, hypertension, seizures, respiratory distress

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13
Q

Cognitive enhancement

A

enhanced working memory and stimulus detectability

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14
Q

Reinforcing property subunits

A

alpha4, alpha6, beta2 subunits

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15
Q

Aversive property subunits

A

alpha3, alpha5, and beta4 subunits

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16
Q

Nicotine effects in VTA

A

stimulates VTA, increases NAcc dopamine, reinforcing

17
Q

Toxic

A

nicotine is toxic, at high doses may lead to convulsions and fatal respiratory failure due to depolarization block

18
Q

2 neuroadaptations

A

upregulation of nicotine receptors, reduction in MAO-B

19
Q

Withdrawal

A

affective, somatic, and cognitive symptoms

20
Q

Denicotinized tobacco

A

still addictive, components of tobacco smoke other than nicotine contribute to smoking behavior

21
Q

Chantix

A

partial agonist

22
Q

Zyban or Wellbutrin

A

atypical antidepressant; NE/DA RI

23
Q

Vaping

A

Has toxic chemicals

Psychopharmacology exam 4 (8 decks)

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