Distinctive landscapes Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is a landscape?
A landscape is created by the interaction of natural and human factors, including vegetation, landforms, water, human constructs, and sensory experiences.
What are the three types of UK landscapes?
Glaciated (North), Upland (Wales, Pennines), and Lowland (South East, London).
What physical feature was created by glaciers in the UK?
U-shaped valleys, ribbon lakes, pyramidal peaks.
What are the five geomorphic processes?
Weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport, deposition.
Name three types of weathering.
Mechanical (freeze-thaw), chemical (carbonation), biological (root growth).
What is soil creep?
A slow mass movement caused by wetting and drying or freeze-thaw cycles.
What is hydraulic action?
Erosion where water forces air into cracks, weakening the rock.
What is longshore drift?
The transport of sediment along a coast by wave action.
What is the Jurassic Coast?
A World Heritage Site on the Devon/Dorset coast, showcasing 185 million years of geological history.
Name three erosional coastal landforms.
Headlands and bays, caves, arches, stacks, stumps.
Name three depositional coastal landforms.
Beaches, spits, tombolos, lagoons.
What is a concordant coastline?
Where rock layers are parallel to the coast.
What is a discordant coastline?
Where rock layers are at right angles to the coast.
What is the dominant weathering type at the Jurassic Coast?
Salt weathering.
What are two coastal management strategies?
Hard engineering (sea walls), soft engineering (beach replenishment).
What is the source of the River Tees?
High in the Pennines, 893m above sea level.
Name three upper course landforms.
V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, waterfalls (e.g., High Force).
What are meanders and where do they occur?
Curved bends in rivers, found in the middle/lower courses due to lateral erosion.
How is an ox-bow lake formed?
Through erosion of a meander neck and deposition blocking off the old channel.
What is a floodplain?
Flat land beside a river that floods and deposits silt.
How has human activity altered the River Tees?
Channel straightening (Mandale Cut), Cow Green Reservoir for flood control, urbanisation reducing infiltration.
What are natural levees?
Raised river banks formed by deposition during flooding.
Why is Stockton-on-Tees at risk of flooding?
Urbanisation and limited infiltration, with potential for water depths >1 metre.
