Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HLSC 220 Pharmacotherapeutics for Health Professionals 💊 > Diuretic Drugs - Ch. 44 > Flashcards

Diuretic Drugs - Ch. 44 Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do diuretic drugs do?

A

Increase urine output
Remove excess fluid
Accelerate the rate of urine formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are first-line diuretics used for?

A

Heart failure
Hypertension
-acute edematous states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do most diuretic drugs work?

A

By excretion of sodium and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do diuretics affect blood pressure?

A

They control sodium and chloride which controls how much water is excreted, and the volume of ECF which controls BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sodium controls the movement of what?

A

Water
-Where sodium goes, water follows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

20% to 25% of all sodium is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?

A

Loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

7% of all sodium is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?

A

Distal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1-2% of all sodium is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?

A

Collecting ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens if water is not reabsorbed?

A

It is excreted as urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens when Na reabsorption is blocked?

A

Excessive fluid loss (dehydration)
Acid-base imbalances
Altered electrolyte levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the types of diuretics?

A

Loop diuretics
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Osmotic diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which types of diruetics block NaCl reabsorption?

A

Loop diuretics
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are examples of Loop diuretics?

A

!! Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide (Burinex)
Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Loop diuretics are also known as?

A

‘high ceiling’ diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which part of the nephron do Loop diuretics act in?

A

Ascending Loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Loop Diuretics?

A

Inhibits sodium and chloride transporter on luminal membrane so it gets secreted into nephron fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Furosemide

A

Significant diuresis
-Causes significant fluid loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does decreased fluid volume cause?

A

Reduced edema
Reduced venous return (reduced CO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Furosemide used for?

A

Edema associated with heart failure or hepatic or renal disease
Control of hypertension
Increase renal excretion of calcium in clients with hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What adverse effects are associated with Furosemide?

A

Excessive fluid loss
-Low Na, Cl
-Water loss —> Dehydration
—> Hypotension
—> thrombosis/embolism

Potassium depletion!! Hypokalemia
Hyperuricemia (may lead to gout)
Hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What levels of potassium are considered hypokalemic?

A

Below the normal range of 3.5-5mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is Hypokalemia treated?

A

-Treated with K supplements or K-sparing diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hypokalemia symptoms?

A

irregular heartbeat
-Potentially fatal dysrhythmias
Muscle weakness/lethargy
Leg cramps
GI disturbances (constipation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does Furosemide interact with Digoxin?
Patients need to be monitored for hypokalemia Increased digoxin toxicity Increases hypokalemia with other diuretics, glucosteroids
26
How does furosemide interact with aminoglycosides?
Ototoxicity
27
How does Furosemide interact with lithium?
May increase the effects of lithium -Used for bipolar
28
How does furosemide interact with antidiabetic drugs?
May decrease hypoglycemic effect and cause hyperglycemia
29
Where in the nephron do Thiazide/Thiazide-like diuretics take place?
Distal convoluted tubule
30
What is the mechanism of action of Thiazide diuretics?
Inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions which results in excretion of water, sodium and chloride (reduced blood volume)
31
What do Thiazides have that is different from loop diuretics?
Different protein targets
32
Which diuretics are more powerful, loop or thiazide?
Loop diuretics are MORE powerful
33
Thiazide diuretics are also know as?
'Low ceiling' diuretics
34
Examples of thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics?
Hydrochlorothiazide Chlorthalidone metolazone
35
How is Hydrochlorothiazide administered?
PO
36
What are thiazide diuretics used for?
Hypertension -First-line treatment -single or combo therapy Edematous states -Adjunct agents in the treatment of HF, hepatic cirrhosis
37
What adverse effects are associated with Thiazide Diuretics?
Hypokalemia Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia (inhibits insulin secretion) Impotence (erectile dysfunction)
38
How do Thiazide diuretics interact with Digoxin?
Increased risk or toxicity due to hypokalemia (same as loop)
39
How do Thiazide diuretics interact with anti-diabetic drugs?
Reduces hypoglycemic effect, so may lead to hyperglycemia
40
Where in the nephron do Potassium-sparing diuretics take place?
Collecting tubules
41
Why do Pottasium-sparing diuretics have limited effectiveness when used on their own?
Collecting tubule site of action only accounts for 1-2% of Na reabsorption
42
Examples of Potassium-sparing diuretics?
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Amiloride (midamor) Triamterene (available only in combination with hydrochlorothiazide - Riva-Zide)
43
What does Spironolactone (aldactone) block?
Aldosterone receptors
44
What do Amiloride (midamor) and Triamterene block?
Na channels
45
When is the onset of Spironolactone?
Onset: 24-48 hours
46
When is the peak of Spironolactone?
2-3 days
47
What is the mechanism of action of Spironolactone?
Antagonist at aldosterone receptors -Blocks the reabsorption of sodium and water usually induced by aldosterone Reduces sodium-potassium exchange -Body retains potassium
48
What is Spironolactone used for?
Edema associated with heart failure Hypertension Reversing the potassium loss caused by potassium-losing drugs (combination therapy) Hyperaldosteronism
49
What adverse effects are associated with spironolactone?
Hyperkalemia -Above 3.5-5mmol/L Sex-hormone like effects
50
Hyperkalemia symptoms?
Cardiac dysrhythmias (tachycardia) Muscle weakness Gi disturbances (Cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
51
What sex hormone like effects do Spironolactone cause?
Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) Irregular menses Postmenopausal bleeding Gynecomastia (increase breast tissue in males)
52
What drugs do potassium-sparing drugs have interactions with?
Other heart failure drugs that increase plasma K+ RAAS drugs e.g, ACE inhibitors Potassium supplements
53
When should a patient take diuretics?
In the morning to avoid interference with sleep patterns
54
What should a nurse monitor in a patient on diuretics?
Serum potassium levels during therapy
55
What should a nurse teach a patient who is on diuretics?
Eat more potassium-rich foods when taking loop or thiazide diuretics
56
What are some foods high in potassium?
Bananas Oranges Raisins Plums Fresh vegetables Legumes Potatoes
57
What should a nurse monitor in a patient who is taking diuretics and digoxin?
Digoxin toxcitity
58
Symptoms of digoxin toxcity?
Fatigue GI problems Changes in heart rate/rhythm Loss of appetite (anorexia) Visual disturbances
59
What should diabetic patients who are taking thiazide and/or loop diuretics monitor?
Monitor blood glucose and watch for elevated glucose levels
60
Patients should notify a physician if they experience what while taking diuretics?
Rapid heart rate or syncope (reflects hypotension and fluid loss) Rapid weight loss
61
What should the nurse teach the patient to do to prevent dizziness and possible fainting related to orthostatic hypotension?
Change positions slowly and to rise slowing after sitting or lying down
62
What kind of therapeutic effects should a nurse monitor for?
Reduction in edema, fluid volume overload, Heart failure Reduction of hypertension; ICP
63
What is a kind of osmotic diuretic?
IV mannitol
64
What is the mechanism of action of IV mannitol?
Produces an osmotic force in nephron fluid (Not reabsorbed) Inhibits tubular reabsorption of H2O, producing a RAPID diuresis
65
Where in the nephron does IV mannitol take place?
Proximal tubule
66
How does IV mannitol affect electrolytes?
Causes only slight loss of electrolytes
67
What are osmotic diuretics used for?
Early ARF (acute renal failure) -keeps fluid moving Non-renal treatments
68
What non-renal treatments are osmotic diuretics used for?
Reduction of intracranial pressure (ICP) Cerebral edema (Fluid from brain entering blood) Reduces excessive intraocular pressure
69
Osmotic diuretics are contraindicated for patients who?
Have a known drug allergy Severe kidney disease Pulmonary edema (loop diuretics instead, greater fluid reduction) Active intracranial bleeding
70
What adverse effects are associated with osmotic diuretics?
Convulsions Thrombophelbitis Pulmonary congestion Headaches, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, tachycardia, blurred vision, chills and fever

HLSC 220 Pharmacotherapeutics for Health Professionals 💊 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions