Diuretics

Question 1

CA inhibitor (1)

Answer 1

Acetazolamide

Question 2

CA inhibitor: MoA

Answer 2

Inhibit Na-H and Na-K exchange

Question 3

CA inhibitor: use

Answer 3

Open angle glaucoma
Alkalinization of urine
Mountain sickness

Question 4

CA inhibitor: ADR

Answer 4

Metabolic acidosis

Hypokalemia, Drowsiness, Hypersensitivity

Question 5

Thiazides (1+3)

Answer 5

Hydrochlorothiazide

Chlorthialidone
Indapamide
Metolazone

Question 6

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 6

Thiazide

Question 7

Acetazolamide

Answer 7

CA inhibitor

Question 8

Indapamide

Answer 8

Thiazide-related

Question 9

Metolazone

Answer 9

Thiazide-related

Question 10

Thiazide: MoR

Answer 10

At Distal tubule
Inhibit luminal Na/Cl cotransporter
Unique: 
Decrease Ca excretion
Decrease uric acid excretion

Question 11

Thiazide: use

Answer 11

Hypertension, CHF, Edema,
Hypercalcemic renal stone
Nephrotic syndrome
Not useful if

Question 12

Thiazide:ADR

Answer 12

Hypokalemia with Digoxin
Hyperuricemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypoercalcemia
Hypersensitivity to Sulfonamide

Question 13

Hypersensitivity to Sulfonamide

Answer 13

Thiazides and Loop diuretics

Question 14

Loop diuretics (4)

Answer 14

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid

Question 15

Furosemide

Answer 15

Loop diuretic

Question 16

Bumetanide

Answer 16

Loop diuretic

Question 17

Torsemide

Answer 17

Loop diuretic

Question 18

Ethacrynic acid

Answer 18

Loop diuretic

Question 19

Loop diuretic: MoA

Answer 19

At Ascending limb of loop of Henle
Decrease Na-K-2Cl cotransport
Unique:
Increase Ca excretion (opposite of Thiazide)

Question 20

Loop diuretic: use

Answer 20

Acute pulmonary edema
Hypertension with low GFR
Hypercalcemia

Question 21

Loop diuretic: ADR

Answer 21

Hypovolemia
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypersensitivity (except Ethacrynic acid)
Hyperlipidemia

Question 22

Aldosterone receptor antagonist (2)

Answer 22

Spirolactone

Epleronone

Question 23

Spirolactone

Answer 23

Aldosterone receptor antagonist

Question 24

Eplerenone

Answer 24

Aldosterone receptor antagonist

Question 25

Aldosterone receptor antagonist:MoA

Answer 25

``` Distal tubule and Collecting duct Decrease Na-K exchange Unique: Decrease K excretion Decrease H excretion ```

Question 26

Spironolactone: use

Answer 26

Primary hyperaldosteronism Prevent hypokalemia Edema from Hepatic cirrhosis *** CHF

Question 27

Eplerenone: use

Answer 27

Hypertension | CHF post MI

Question 28

Aldosterone receptor antagonist: ADR

Answer 28

Hyperkalemia Gynecomastia/ Menstrual irregularity (more with Spironolactone)

Question 29

Na channel blockers (2)

Answer 29

Triamterene | Amilorides

Question 30

Triamterene

Answer 30

Na channel blocker

Question 31

Amilodide

Answer 31

Na channel blocker

Question 32

Na channel blockers: MoA

Answer 32

Distal tubule and Collecting duct Decrease Na channel Decrease Na-K exchange

Question 33

Na channel blocker: use

Answer 33

Secondary hyperaldosteronins | Prevent hypokalemia of other diuretics

Question 34

Na channel blocker: ADR

Answer 34

Hyperkalemia

Question 35

Osmotic diuretics (4)

Answer 35

Mannitol, Glycerol, Isosorbite, Urea

Question 36

Mannitol

Answer 36

Osmotic diuretics

Question 37

Glycerol

Answer 37

Osmotic diuretic

Question 38

Isosorbite

Answer 38

Osmotic diuretic

Question 39

Urea

Answer 39

Osmotic diuretic

Question 40

Osmotic diuretics: MoA

Answer 40

``` Freely filtered, not reabsorbed Little metabolism Decrease passive H2O reabsorption Increae urinary flow Increase Na excretion Decrease urine osmolarity ```

Question 41

Osmotic diuretics: use

Answer 41

Maintain urine flow Acute renal failure Reduce intracranial pressure Glaucoma

Question 42

Osmotic diuretics: ADR

Answer 42

Extracellular fluid volume | Alter blood Na and K levels