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DT III Exam 1 > Vasodilators > Flashcards

Vasodilators Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Ca channel blocker (4)

A

DHP: Amilodipine

Non-DHP: Verapamil, Diltiazem, Bepridil

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2
Q

Amilodipine

A

Ca channel blocker

DHP

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3
Q

Verapamil

A

Ca channel blocker

Non- DHP

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4
Q

Diltiazem

A

Ca channel blocker

Non-DHP

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5
Q

Ca channel blocker: MoA

A

Decrease Ca influx with Ca channel
Vascular effect: Arteriodilation (DHP> Non-DHP)
Cardiac effect: Inhibit L-type Ca channel
(decrease phase 0 depol of SA/AV
(decrease phase 2 of AP in muscle
Decrease HR, conduction, and contractility
(Non-DHP> DHP)

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6
Q

Ca channel blocker: use

A

Angina, Supraventricular tachycardia, Hypertension

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7
Q

Amilodipine: ADR

A

Hypotension, Edema, headaches

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8
Q

Verapamil: ADR

A

Hypotension

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9
Q

Diltiazem: ADR

A

CHF, AV block, Edema, Headache, Constipation

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10
Q

Ca channel blocker: Contra

A

Short acting agent
Severe hepatic dysfunction
Hypotension

For non-DHP
Sick sinus syndrome
LV dysfunction
AV block

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11
Q

Ca channel blocker: drug interaction

A

CYP3A4 inhibitor
Beta blocker
Digoxin (only Verapamil)
Antiarrythmic drug

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12
Q

K-channel openers

A

Minoxidil

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13
Q

Minoxidil

A

K channel opener

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14
Q

Minoxidil: MoA

A

Increase K efflux from vascular smooth muscle
(Hyperpolarize and decrease TPR)
Marked compensatory response (Increase HR, CO, fluid retention)

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15
Q

Minoxidil: use

A

Refractory/ malignant hypertension

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16
Q

Minoxidoil: ADR

A

Marked fluid retention
Tachycardia
Pericardial effusion/ Cardiac tamponade
Hypertrichosis

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17
Q

Guanylyl cyclase activator

A

Nitropruside

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18
Q

Nitropruside

A

Guanylyl cyclase activator

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19
Q

Nitropruside: MoA

A

Balanced arterial/venous dilation
Decrease BP, Reflex increase HR
Short half life (min)
IV only (for acute treatment)

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20
Q

Nitropruside: use

A

Hypertensive emergencies
Acute CHF
MI

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21
Q

Nitropruside: ADR

A

Acute: Hypotension
Chronic: Thiocyanate/ Cyanidetoxicity

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22
Q

Enzyme that converts Cyanide to Thiocyanate

A

Rhodunuse

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23
Q

Thiocynate toxicity

A

Headache
Nausea
Disorientation
Delerium

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24
Q

Cyanide toxicity

A

CN-cytochrome oxidase
Cytotoxic anoxia
Hypoxia, Convulsion
Respiratory arrest

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25
Organic nitrate
Nitroglycerin ISDN (Isosorbide dinitrate) ISMN (Isosorbide mononitrate)
26
Nitroglycerin
Organic nitrate
27
Isosorbide dinitrate/ Isosorbide mononitrate
Organic nitrates
28
Organic nitrates: MoA
More venodilation @ low dose: venodilation Decrease CO, Reflex increase of HR/ TPR @ high dose: venodilation and arteriodilation Decrease CO, Decrease TPR, Decrease BP, Increase reflex HR
29
Organic nitrate: Metabolism
Heptaic metabolism | Sublingual
30
Organic nitrates: use
Angina CHF Acute MI
31
Organic nitrate: ADR
``` Excessive hypotension (headache, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, Angina) Tolerance ```
32
Nitric oxide: use
Hypoxic respiratory failure of term/ near-term neonate with pulmonary hypertension
33
Nitric oxide: ADR
Pulmonary edema | Hypoxia with sudden withdrawal
34
Nitric oxide excretion
In urine
35
Hydralazine: MoA
``` Arterial dilation (decrease TPR, BP, increase reflex HR) Oral ```
36
Hydralazine: use
CHF, Hypertension
37
Hydralazine: ADR
Fluid retention Tachycardia +ANA= Lupus like syndrome (in slow acetylators) no renal involvement, reversible at high dose
38
Fenoldopam: MoA
D1-receptor agonist IV, rapid acting moderate duration
39
Fenoldopam: use
Hypertensive emergency
40
Fenoldopam: ADR
Hypersensitivity Sodium metabisulfite Tachycardia, Hypotension
41
PDE inhibitors (3)
Sidenafil Tadalafil Vardenafil
42
Sildenafil
PDE inhibitor
43
Iadalafil
PDE inhibitor
44
Vardenafil
PDE inhibitor
45
PDE inhibitor: MoA
``` Potentiate NO= increase cGMPr Relax Corpus cavernosum Increase erection Relax lower urinary tract Increase urination ```
46
PDE inhibitors: use
Erectile dysfunction BPH (Tadalafil) Oral Hepatic metabolism
47
PDE inhibitors: ADR
Hypotension
48
PDE inhibitor: contra
Concurrent organic nitrates (Nitroglycerides, ISDN, ISMN) Beta blockers CYP3A4 drugs
49
ACE inhibitors
``` Enalapril Lisinopril Captopril Fosinopril "-pril" ```
50
"-prils"
ACE inhibitors
51
ACE inhibitor: use
Hypertension CHF Post-MI Diabetic nephropathy
52
ACE inhibitor: ADR
``` Cough Fetopathic potential at last trimester Hyperkalemia Hypotension Hypersensitivity ```
53
ACE inhibitor: contra
Pregnancy Hyperkalemia (Renal disease, K-sparing diuretics, K supplement) Hypersensitivity
54
AT-receptor antagonist
Saralasin Losartan Valsartan
55
Saralasin
AT-receptor antagonsit
56
"-sartan"
AT-receptor antagonist
57
AT-receptor antagonist: MoA
Competitive antagnoist of AT1 receptor Decrease aldosterone secretion Decrease ATII induced vasoconstriction Decrease neural release of NE= decrease vasoconstrict Decrease remodeling Decrease TPR, Decrease Na fluid retention, Decrease BP
58
AT-receptor antagonist: use
Hypertension CHF Post-MI Diabetics
59
AT-receptor antagonist: ADR
``` Getopathic potential Hyperkalemia Hypotension Hypersensitivity (no cough) ```
60
AT-receptor antagonist: contra
Pregnancy Hyperkalemia (Renal disease, K-sparing diuretic, K supplement) Hypersensitivity
61
Renin inhibitor
Aliskiren
62
Aliskiren
Renin inhibitor
63
Aliskiren: MoA
Inhibit renin | Decrease ATI and ATII
64
Aliskiren: use
``` Hypertension CHF Post-MI Diabetic nephropathy (same as ACEi) ```
65
Aliskiren: ADR
``` Cough (less than ACEi) Fetopathic potential at last trimester Hyperkalemia Hypotension Hypersensitivity ```
66
Vasodilators and RAA system inhibitors: use
Hypertension Angina Ischemia CHF

DT III Exam 1 (5 decks)

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