Diversity Flashcards

Question

What is Geordie accent described as?

Answer 1

Soothing, friendly, unchallenging, honest, relaxed A study be a company called Sitel surveyed people and found that Geordie puts you in a fun mood

Answer 2

Their gonna steal from you, their gonna thump you, they are dumb

Answer 3

Created a list of words for the purpose of distinguishing separate sets of vowel pronounciations in different accents. (E.g. haus and hoos) house

Answer 4

Investigated the use of “me” as a possessive rather than “my” in children of different social class in NE London. Found that working class children used “me”, not necessarily because they were working class, but to achieve a certain effect - could be comedic. Northern/Jamaican use of “me” represents funny/friendly.

Answer 5

Large group of immigrants were Jamaican. Reggae music was very popular, therefore Jamaica was a heavy influence on London language.

Answer 6

Creole and MLE were the two varieties spoken. White creoles speakers ere criticised by the Creole speakers (White Caribbeans) when they used the features from the Creole. “Creole couldn’t be spoken by white people”

Answer 7

Rampton indicated that MLE spreads between diverse friendship groups rather than solely immigration. Crossing occurs when one speaker uses small aspects of a language they cannot claim “ownership” of.

Answer 8

Wind rush generation after WW2. Forced to learn English from other immigrants in their community (so they learn English from second language speakers) which adapted some of their original language. MLE (e.g. “man loves pasta” — “innit” — “peng ting”)

Answer 9

Investigated a group of non mobile, old, rural males. ‘Th’ replaced with ‘d’ ‘Runnin-‘ ‘swimming-‘ ‘Was’ instead of ‘were’ Comparison between older and younger speakers shows the development of a dialect.

Answer 10

A process of dialects or a specific dialect losing the marked features it once had - features of dialect are lost over time. Happens as a result of contact between two or more dialects.

Answer 11

In Reading, Milton Keynes, dialects of southern speakers were showing more signs of a loss of marked features, whereas the northern speakers in Hull were much more sheltered from levelling. This could be a case of wanting to maintain identity or a rejection of southern influence. Dialect features are - ‘th’ fronting replacement, ‘teef’, ‘bovvered’ -Glottal stops These two features have a stronger bond with youth culture than class, which I one of the reasons they are spreading rapidly across the countries

Answer 12

Outlined the reasons for dialect levelling in recent decades; increasingly easy access to other dialects through the advancement of technology, urbanisation, mobility and industrialisation.

Answer 13

Speakers adapt their speech during interaction so that they sound closer to the other speaker, with an aim of reducing social differences to increase ease of communication, likability.

Answer 14

Changing to RP to sound more educated and intelligent (e.g. for job interviews)

Answer 15

Moving further towards a regional accent to embrace roots (e.g. in comedy)

Answer 16

Used a Matched guide experiment to investigate the honest opinions of individuals towards certain accents. He found that RP speakers were believed to be trustworthy, confident, well educated and capable based on their accents but he also found that RP speakers were also considered unfriendly, insincere and unsociable

Answer 17

Looked at connections between class and language variations. He did a cross comparison between an individuals’ social class and their use of certain phonetic varieties and pronunciations. He found that there was, in fact a correlation between social class and the pronunciation of vowels and glottalisation of ‘t’. He then interviewed teachers and employers on their opinions on ‘working class’ Glaswegian varieties. He revealed that opinions towards this were closely linked to opinions about the speaker of the variety, rather than the accent itself. In other words, their opinion on Glaswegian was rooted in the stereotypes of working class individuals.

Answer 18

Interviewed speakers about their opinions on the cockney accent. He found that cockney was identified as having low status, even by those who used it. The cockney speakers participating in the investigation had accepted the negative stereotypes of cockney speakers, diminishing the value of their own accent. This could be the result of the values held by the influential and powerful diffusing across society.

Answer 19

Higher social class means a more vocalised postvocalic /r/

Answer 20

Pronouncing '-ing' as '-in' and glottal stops were a more reliable indicator of social class rather than gender (this is a long time ago though)

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