Language LEVELS Flashcards
Common Noun
Classify things into general types of categories e.g. chair
Proper noun
Refer to specific people and places e.g Luca
Concrete Noun
Refer to physical things like people, objects and places e.g. table
Abstract noun
Refers to ideas, processes, occasions, times, and qualities e.g. joy
3 main ways to classify nouns
Plural, Singular, Collective
Jargon
A specialist vocabulary associated with a particular occupation or activity
Informal lexis
Relaxed, familiar, slang, abbreviated, old English roots
Formal lexis
Serious, impersonal, standard English, Latin roots
Lexical Cohesion
How well words of a text fit together and create meaning together
Addition
And, also, furthermore
Consequence
So, therefore, thus
Comparative
Similarly, however, but
Temporal
Later, next, now
Enumeration
Firstly, finally, then
Summative
In conclusion, on the whole
Anaphoric referencing
Referring back to the noun
Cataphoric referencing
Referring forwards to the noun
Suffix
After the root of a word ( -tion, -ness, -ful)
Prefix
put before the root or stem of a word ( multi-, dis-, un-, sub-)
Euphemism / dysphemism
Word made nicer / word made more derogatory
Broadening v Narrowing
The meanings of a word gradually extend to a wider sense than the original meaning. (e.g. ‘virus’)
V
the meaning gradually becomes more specialised or specific (e.g. ‘meat’)
Amelioration v Pejoration
A word with a very severe or taboo connotations gradually becomes less negative and milder in its use. (e.g. ‘sick’)
V
words with neutral or even positive connotations gradually come to acquire pejorative associations. (e.g. ‘silly’)
Hegemony
preponderant influence or authority over others : domination
the social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence exerted by a dominant group
What are the types of sub clause?
Noun clause, Adverbial clause, Relative clause, comparative clause, non-finite clause verbless clause
