Diversity Flashcards
(39 cards)
Human impact on biodiversity?
- pollution
- deforestation
- intro to invasive species
Importance of biodiversity?
- all organisms are interconnected and depend on eachother (symbiotic relationships)
- stability and productivity in ecosystems
Factors used to determine biodiversity?
-# of individuals within each species
- variation within a specie
- variation of different species
Examples of membrane bound organelles?
- nucleus
- mitochondria
- golgi body
Compare euk vs pro cells (diff and sim)
euk:
- membrane bound organelles
- multicellular
- cells are larger
prok:
- no membrane bound organelles
- unicellular
- cells are smaller
similarities:
- genetic material
- ribosomes
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
Name the taxonomic levels in order
Kingdom, Phyla, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Shapes of bacteria
- coccus (circular)
- bacillus (rod)
- spirillum (spiral)
Arrangement prefixes (bacteria)
- diplo (pair)
- chain (strepto)
- clump (staphlo)
Bacteria’s unique structures
- cellular respiration occurs in cell membrane (no mito)
- pilus for conjugation
- flagella for motion
Bacteria’s asexual reproduction
binary fission (mitosis)
Bacteria’s sexual reproduction
- sexual conjugation where 2 bacteria make contact using a pilus
- plasmid DNA then transfers from a donor to a recipient
- recipient cell has new DNA resulting in sexual reproduction
Definition of cellular respiration
breakdown of food to make energy (ATP)
Three types of cellular respiration
- obligate anerobic (doesn’t require oxygen)
- obligate aerobic (requires oxygen)
- facultative anerobic (can use oxygen or not)
Where can archaebacteria be found?
extreme environments
Cellular respiration (photosynthesis) chemical formula
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen)
–sunlight–> 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) + ATP (energy)
4 lytic cycle steps
- attach to host
- virus injects its genetic material in
- virus uses the host protists to replicate its genetic material and make more
- the new virus copies lyse (break open) the host cell)
Describe the lysogenic cycle
similar to the lytic cycle but when the viral genetic material is inserted into the host cell, it becomes inserted into the host’s DNA.
- genetic material is copied when the bacterium divides and is passed onto all daughter cells
- genetic material becomes active when triggered by certain environmental factors
Which life characteristics do viruses have?
- reproduce
- respond to their environment
- evolve
List 3 uses for viruses
- vaccines (using dead virus to cause an immune response without infection therefore quickly attacking virus preventing the chances of future infections)
- deliver medicine to target cells (chemotherapy)
- used to treat genetic disorders via genetic therapy
List 3 uses of protists
- nori is the seaweed used to make sushi
- Phytoplankton are the oceans largest producers – lungs of the earth
- zooplankton are a food source for many marine organisms
Protists endosymbiosis
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated from prokaryotes that were “engulfed” by another cell.
Characteristics of fungi
- multicellular
- heterotrophic
- eukaryotes
Define hyphae and mycelium
- hyphae are long tubes of cytoplasm supported by a chitin cell wall
- mycelium is a mesh-like network of hyphae
Example of a symbiotic relationship in the fungi kingdom
Lichens
- fungi living with green algae
- autotrophs provide nutrients meanwhile fungi provides water, minerals, and protection
