Diversity And Grouping

Question 1

What is Linnaean classification?

Answer 1

A hierarchical system where groups go from larger and general to smaller and specific

Question 2

What is phylogenetic system?

Answer 2

A system that shows the evolutionary interrelatedness between groups

Question 3

What is taxonomy?

Answer 3

The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups

Question 4

What is Linnaeus system based on?

Answer 4

Binomial nomenclature and hierarchical classification

Question 5

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 5

The process of naming species a two part Latinized name

Question 6

What are the rules of binomial nomenclature

Answer 6

Must be in italics
Genus name first and first letter capitalized
Species name second and not capitalized

Question 7

What are the 2 kingdoms of Linnaean classification?

Answer 7

Animal and plant kingdom

Question 8

What are the 6 kingdoms?

Answer 8

Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Plant
Fungi
Animal

Question 9

What are sister groups?

Answer 9

Descendants that split from the same node (ancestor)

Question 10

What is a Clade?

Answer 10

A group of organisms that include an ancestor and all descendants of it

Question 11

What are the prokaryotic kingdoms?

Answer 11

Bacteria and archaea

Question 12

What are the eukaryotic kingdoms?

Answer 12

Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia

Question 13

What are prokaryotes?

Answer 13

Single called organisms without a membrane bound nucleus.

Question 14

What organelles are present in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Ribosomes

Question 15

What are the a major nutritional modes of prokaryotes?

Answer 15

Autotrophs and heterotrophs

Question 16

What are photo autotrophic prokaryotes?

Answer 16

Prokaryotes that use light as an energy source and co2 as a Carbon source

Question 17

What is a chemo autotroph?

Answer 17

Prokaryotes that use inorganic materials as an energy source and co2 as a Carbon source.

Question 18

What are photo heterotrophic prokaryotes?

Answer 18

Prokaryotes that use light as an energy source and organic compounds as carbonsource

Question 19

What are chemo heterotrophic prokaryotes?

Answer 19

Prokaryotes that use organic compounds as energy and carbon source

Question 20

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 20

Single or multi cellular organisms that have a membrane bound nucleus

Question 21

What is bacteria?

Answer 21

Unicellular organisms that are prokaryotic and have no membrane enclosed organelles

Question 22

What are mutualistic bacteria?

Answer 22

Bacteria that are beneficial to other organisms

Question 23

What is an example of mutualistic bacteria?

Answer 23

Helps with digestion
Fermentative bacteria
Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 24

How do bacteria cause diseases?

Answer 24

Producing endotoxins and exotoxins

Question 25

What are exotoxins?

Answer 25

Toxins produced by the bacteria

Question 26

What are endotoxins?

Answer 26

Released when the bacteria die and their cell wall breaks down

Question 27

What are the 4 main shapes of bacteria?

Answer 27

Coccus (circular) Bacillus (rod shaped) Curved Other

Question 28

What are gram positive bacteria?

Answer 28

Bacteria which have a thick multilayered peptidoglycan cell wall which allows for the purple staining.

Question 29

What is gram negative bacteria?

Answer 29

Bacteria which have a thin single layered peptidoglycan layer which allows for the pink staining

Question 30

Which bacteria is more susceptible to antibiotics and why?

Answer 30

Gram positive is more susceptible because they do not have an outer membrane. Gram negative is less susceptible because they have an outer membrane.

Question 31

Why does gram positive have the purple dye?

Answer 31

Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan wall. The dye enters this and forms a complex which is too large to pass through the cell wall and cannot be removed with an alcohol rinse because of the cell wall. So the purple colour remains

Question 32

Why does gram negative have reddish pink dye?

Answer 32

Gram negative bacterial have thin peptidoglycan layer so the dye can easily pass through and form a crystal violet iodine complex. This layer also allows alcohol rinse to pass through. The violet iodine complex is removed by the Al school. Therefore to see it, a safranin dye is added to it which stains the cell red

Question 33

What are the major groups of bacteria?

Answer 33

Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Cyanobacteria

Question 34

What are proteobacteria

Answer 34

Parasites

Question 35

What are chlamydias

Answer 35

Parasites that can only live in animal cells

Question 36

What are spirochetes

Answer 36

Free living heterotrophic parasites

Question 37

What are Cyanobacteria

Answer 37

Autotrophs

Question 38

What are the different types of archae and what are they?

Answer 38

Thermophiles - prefers hot temperatures Pyschrophiles - prefers cold temperatures Halophiles - prefers salty habitats Acidophilus - prefers acidic conditions