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Biology flashcards > Diversity of Life > Flashcards

Diversity of Life Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Phylogenetics

A

Reveals ‘relatedness’

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2
Q

tree of life domains

A

bacteria, archaea, eukaryota

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3
Q

How are organisms categorised

A

Linnaean classification, phylogenetic analysis

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4
Q

Linnaean classification

A

increasingly defined taxonomic groups

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5
Q

Taxonomic units

A

taxon

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6
Q

Order of Linnaean classification

A

Species- genus- family- order- class- phylum- kingdom - domain

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7
Q

what is used for phylogenetic analysis

A

rRNA gene sequences

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8
Q

How to make phylogenetic trees

A

isolate dna, amplify rRNA sequences, compare, make tree

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9
Q

systematics

A

study of diversity and relatedness

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10
Q

electron microscopy

A

high resolution

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11
Q

types of microscopy

A

Bright-field, phase-contrast, dark-field, electron

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12
Q

function of peptidoglycan

A

gives shape, resists pressure

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13
Q

structure of peptidoglycan

A

Amino sugar backbone (NAG,NAMA) joined by peptides

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14
Q

role of penicillin

A

cut peptide link in amino backbone of peptidoglycan of cell wall

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15
Q

cell lysis start product

A

lysozyme

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16
Q

cell lysis result

A

cell in spherical shape bursts

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17
Q

monotrichous flagella

A

1 on end

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18
Q

amphitrichous flagella

A

1 on both ends

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19
Q

lophotrichous flagella

A

lots on one end

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20
Q

peritrichous flagella

A

all over, covered

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21
Q

point in binary fission where cells new walls will form

A

septum

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22
Q

Archaea nucleus?

A

no nucleus

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23
Q

archaea chromosome shape

A

circular

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24
Q

Archaea organelles?

A

none

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25
glycoprotein
polysaccharide and protein
26
pseudomurin in archaea
similar to peptidoglycan but different Amino sugars- insensitive to penicillin
27
most common cell wall in archaea
S-layer
28
difference between archaeal cell membrane lipids and prokaryotic/eukaryotic
lipid tail bonded to glycerol with ETHER linkage not ester
29
what is Ham in archaea
hook for grip
30
halophile
high salt content environment
31
why are halophiles osmotically balanced
K+ ions imported into cell
32
where are cytoplasm and organelles in fungi
inner lumen
33
Walls that divide hyphae into tubes
septate
34
hyphae without cell walls
coenocytic or aseptate
35
chitin
tough polysaccharide in cell walls of fungi
36
blastospores
little branch structure
37
chlamydospores
multiple buds of spores
38
protists relationships
symbiotic or parasitic
39
when does sexual reproduction of protists occur
under stressed conditions
40
slime mold reproduction when stressed
sexual spores formed
41
plastid
pigment
42
virus definition
obligate intercellular parasites
43
outer structure of virus
protein coat and envelope (lipids and proteins)
44
non-enveloped virus
genome in capsid
45
enveloped virus
genome in nucleocapsid and envelope
46
helical virion structure
rod shape
47
icosahedral virion structure
ball shape
48
complex virion structure
angry robot looking yoke - icosahedral + helical
49
pleomorphic virion structure
worm - enveloped
50
positive single strand RNA virus
pretends to be RNA- translated immediately
51
Negative single strand RNA virus
transcribed into positive sense then translated into protein
52
methods of virus reproduction
budding, lysis
53
viruses and homeostasis
cannot control internal temperature - no
54
do viruses have organisation
yes- made of different subunits
55
do viruses grow
no- already fully formed
56
do viruses evolve
yes- mutate - covid
57
symbiosis
relationship between organisms
58
mutualism
both cells benefit - soyabean and rhizobia bacteria
59
commensalism
benefits one, doesn't harm other, gut microbiome
60
parasitism
harms one - alpha amatin in mushrooms - inhibits RNA polymerase 2 - no mRNA to make proteins
61
pathogens
can't reproduce until good conditions, bursts host cell, travels

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