Origins of Life

Question 1

What is the order of life forms?(small to big)

Answer 1

Atomic, molecular, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, higher levels

Question 2

example of cellular level

Answer 2

smooth muscle cell

Question 3

example of tissue level

Answer 3

smooth muscle tissue

Question 4

organism level definition

Answer 4

consists of many organ systems

Question 5

higher levels example

Answer 5

ecosystems
community
population (same species)

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

Maintaining the system despite the environment

Question 7

what is life?

Answer 7

system at different levels, very complex, evolution,

Question 8

the cell theory

Answer 8

1. All creatures made from cells
2. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
3. Cells can live alone or together

Question 9

DNA-mRNA

Answer 9

Transcription

Question 10

mRNA-protein

Answer 10

translation

Question 11

RNA virus

Answer 11

rhinovirus

Question 12

how many elements in humans

Answer 12

25 of 92

Question 13

Purines and pyrimidines make

Answer 13

Nucleotides: ATP,GTP (communication)
Nucleic Acids: DNA/RNA

Question 14

Amino Acids make

Answer 14

proteins- enzymes, receptors etc

Question 15

why such diversity

Answer 15

carbon tetravalent

Question 16

itaconic acid function

Answer 16

switch off immune system

Question 17

itaconic acid where from

Answer 17

glucose molecule

Question 18

how do we know the age of life

Answer 18

dug up stromatolites (rocks)

Question 19

prebiotic

Answer 19

just before life

Question 20

abiotic

Answer 20

no life

Question 21

Oxygen in prebiotic world?

Answer 21

no, atmosphere reducing

Question 22

Conditions needed for cell

Answer 22

UV light, electrochemical energy

Question 23

Reductionism

Answer 23

reducing complex phenomena into simpler parts

Question 24

order of hierarchy in biological systems

Answer 24

organism-population-community-ecosystem-biosphere

Question 25

negative feedback regulation

Answer 25

stops or slows reaction

Question 26

positive feedback regulation

Answer 26

speeds up or adds to it eg contractions

Question 27

emergent properties

Answer 27

properties that occur because of many components

Question 28

genes

Answer 28

units of inheritance

Question 29

Miller+ Urey experiment

Answer 29

prebiotic conditions - water hydrogen ammonia methane - found amino acids,

Question 30

building blocks of nucleic acids

Answer 30

nucleotides

Question 31

gene expression

Answer 31

gene directs synthesis of a protein

Question 32

All life forms employ same what

Answer 32

genetic code

Question 33

Darwin observations

Answer 33

1. individuals in a population vary in their traits 2. many traits are heritable 3. species are adapted to their environments

Question 34

Main elements

Answer 34

CHON

Question 35

Consequences of mass extinction

Answer 35

1. anaerobic bacteria in bogs 2. endosymbiosis- 2 cells inside each other

Question 36

formation of plants and animals

Answer 36

Endosymbiosis- evidence - membranes (double, vesicular in origin), antibiotics, division (fission like), DNA (similar), Ribosomes (same)

Question 37

Erythrocytes, Chondrocytes

Answer 37

oxygen, cartilage

Question 38

formation of first eukaryotic cell

Answer 38

Plasma membrane infolds, aerobic bacteria - phagocytosis, not digested as beneficial (photosynthesis), became organelle