Divine Anthropomorphism Flashcards
(12 cards)
What does divine anthropomorphism refer to?
The idea that the gods are like human beings (‘anthropomorphic’).
This includes both physical attributes and behavior.
In what ways are the gods anthropomorphic?
The gods are like humans in:
* Physical attributes
* Behavior
* Psychology
* Limitations
The gods differ from humans in power, beauty, and immortality.
What is the traditional view of divine anthropomorphism?
The gods are literally human in form, even if more powerful and more perfect.
Implicitly supported by scholars like Garland (1994).
What do Zaidman and Pantel argue about the depiction of gods?
The depiction of gods with idealized human bodies is a symbolic expression of their divine perfection.
They argue that gods are not literally like humans in body.
What evidence supports the traditional view of anthropomorphism?
Xenophanes’ rejection of human-like gods and the physicality of Homer and Hesiod’s gods.
Example: ‘If oxen or horses… would draw pictures of the gods like horses…’ indicates belief in human-like gods.
What example is provided in favor of Zaidman and Pantel’s view?
The Oltos cup of c.510BC, depicting gods unrealistically holding/wearing objects identifying them.
This suggests their depictions are symbolic rather than literal.
What are some examples of divine psychology in Homeric and Hesiodic texts?
Hera’s anger, Zeus’ pity or anger, Thetis’ sympathy.
These examples illustrate the emotional aspects of the gods.
What does the Panathenaic Amphora depict?
Athena striding, indicating divine behavior.
It also includes many Homeric and Hesiodic examples of divine parentage.
What limitation do the gods exhibit according to the texts?
The gods are still limited and show weakness, such as Hera tricking Zeus in Iliad 14.
This indicates that gods, while powerful, are not omnipotent.
What is an example of divine power in Homeric literature?
Zeus and Hera’s decision in Book 4 of the Iliad to destroy Troy.
This shows the casual exercise of their power.
How is beauty depicted in Homer’s Iliad?
Ares and Athene are described as tall and beautiful in golden clothes and armor.
This reflects how gods should look according to divine standards.
What does Achilles say about the condition of humans compared to gods?
Humans are wretched creatures while the gods are free from care.
This is noted in Iliad 24, highlighting the difference in experience between mortals and immortals.
