Division and Inheritance

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

Contains instructions to put an organism together and make it wokr

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 3

What are chromosomes?

Answer 3

Long molecules of DNA

Question 4

Where are chromosomes?

Answer 4

In the nucleus

Question 5

What does a gene do?

Answer 5

contains instructions to make a specific protein

Question 6

Where are genes?

Answer 6

Small section of DNA

Question 7

How do genes make proteins?

Answer 7

String amino acids in particular order

Question 8

How many amino acids are used?

Answer 8

20

Question 9

What determines what proteins are produced?

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

What determines what cell it becomes?

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

What are different types of the same gene called?

Answer 11

Alleles

Question 12

Whose DNA is not unique?

Answer 12

Identical twins and clones

Question 13

What is DNA fingerprinting?

Answer 13

Cutting up a persons DNA and separating into small sections

Question 14

What is DNA fingerprinting used for?

Answer 14

Paternity testing

Forensic science

Question 15

Why should there be a national genetic database?

Answer 15

Crimescene DNA could be checked against everyone in the country

Question 16

Why shouldn’t there be a national genetic database?

Answer 16

Invasion of privacy
Safe? (What else might be used for)
Errors and misinterpretations

Question 17

Ho many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 17

23

Question 18

What is mitosis?

Answer 18

When a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form 2 identical offspring

Question 19

What pulls apart chromosomes in mitosis?

Answer 19

Cell fibres

Question 20

Which mi is asexual reproduction?

Answer 20

Mitosis

Question 21

Why is there no variation with mitosis?

Answer 21

Same genes

Question 22

What are gametes?

Answer 22

Sex cell

Question 23

Why do gametes have 1 pair of each chromosomes?

Answer 23

So when they join the other gamete, they have the right amount

Question 24

Which mi is sexual reproduction?

Answer 24

Meiosis

Question 25

Why does sexual reproduction show variation?

Answer 25

Inherit features from both parents

Question 26

Where does meiosis happen in humans?

Answer 26

Reproductive organs (testes and ovaries)

Question 27

What is meiosis?

Answer 27

Produces cells with half the number of chromosomes

Question 28

When does mitosis occur in human reproduction?

Answer 28

After the gametes have fertilised

Question 29

When do animal cells loose the ability to differentiate?

Answer 29

Early stage

Question 30

What are stem cells?

Answer 30

Undifferentiated cells that can develop into different types of cells

Question 31

Where are stem cells found?

Answer 31

Early human embryo Bone marrow Umbilical cord?

Question 32

Why embryo stem cells > bone marrow stem cells?

Answer 32

Bone marrow stem cells not as versatile (can't turn into any cell)

Question 33

How do stem cells treat sickle cell anaemia?

Answer 33

Turn into red blood cells

Question 34

What conditions can stem cells help?

Answer 34

``` Heart disease (beating heart muscles) Diabetes (insulin producing cells) Spinal injuries (nerve cells) ```

Question 35

How do scientists make stem cells change?

Answer 35

Change its environment

Question 36

Why are stem cells hit and miss?

Answer 36

More research is needed

Question 37

What are reasons for stem cells?

Answer 37

Save lives Cure disease Save costs Would be thrown away anyway

Question 38

What are reasons against stem cells?

Answer 38

No right to interfere Religion Killing humans?

Question 39

At controls whether male or female?

Answer 39

23rd pair of chromosomes

Question 40

What combination do males have?

Answer 40

XY

Question 41

What combination do females have?

Answer 41

XX

Question 42

What did Gregor Mendel do?

Answer 42

Need how characteristics were passed on in pea plants from one generation to the next

Question 43

Ratio of tall pea plants to small pea plants?

Answer 43

3:1

Question 44

Why did people not "believe" Mendel?

Answer 44

``` Not scientist (monk) Work wasn't widely published Genes weren't discovered yet ```

Question 45

What do letter in genetic diagrams represent?

Answer 45

Alleles

Question 46

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 46

Alleles that are the same

Question 47

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 47

Alleles that are different

Question 48

The allele for the characteristic that's shown is...?

Answer 48

Dominant

Question 49

To display a recessive characteristic...?

Answer 49

Both alleles must be recessive

Question 50

What is genotype?

Answer 50

The alleles

Question 51

What is phenotype?

Answer 51

The actual characteristics

Question 52

What is a mono hybrid cross?

Answer 52

Crossing 2 parents to look at 1 characteristic

Question 53

What is cystic fibrosis and what does it do?

Answer 53

Genetic disorder where body produces thick sticky mucus in air passages and pancreas

Question 54

Why type of allele is allele causing cystic fibrosis?

Answer 54

Recessive (carried by 1/25)

Question 55

What is polydactyly?

Answer 55

Genetic disorder where baby born with extra fingers or toes. | Isn't life threatening

Question 56

What type of allele is the allele that cases polydactyly?

Answer 56

Dominant

Question 57

What is embryo screening?

Answer 57

Cells from embryos can be analysed before being implanted into mothers womb during IVF

Question 58

What happens after embryo screening?

Answer 58

Embryos with good alleles are implanted. Bad ones are destroyed

Question 59

What does IVF stand for?

Answer 59

In Vitro fertilisation

Question 60

What are reasons for embryo screening?

Answer 60

Stop suffering Laws stop it going too far Embryos destroyed anyway Treating disorders cost money

Question 61

What are reasons against embryo screening?

Answer 61

Pick most desirable baby Killing humans? Increase prejudice Screening is expensive

Question 62

Why don't people think embryo screening isn't justified for polydactyly?

Answer 62

Doesn't affect health