DM CIS

Question 1

What do you see in prediabetes

Answer 1

abnormal carbohydrate metabolism

Question 2

what is gestational DM

Answer 2

diabetes during pregnancy

Question 3

Which type of DM is prone to ketoacdosis

Answer 3

Type I DM

Question 4

other causes of diabetes

Answer 4

pancreatectoy, acromegaly, hemochromatosis, hypercortisolism

drugs: glucocorticoids, antipsychotics

Question 5

What diabetes has a younger age of onset

Answer 5

type I

Question 6

what is the difference in patho between DM I and II

Answer 6

DM I is autoimmune

DM II is insulin resistance

Question 7

What are the assoc conditions with DM I

Answer 7

autoimmune thyroid disease
celiac disease
addison’s disease

Question 8

What are the assoc conditions with DM II

Answer 8

obesity
lipid abnormalities
PCOS
NAFLD

Question 9

how do we calculate DMI

Answer 9

weigh in kg divided by square of height in meters

Question 10

What are the criteria for Dx diabetes

Answer 10

fasting
oral glucose tolerance test
random glucose
Hb A1c

Question 11

What level of fasting blood glucose is diabetes? pre diabetes?

Answer 11

diabetes is greater than 126

pre diabetes is between 100 and 126

Question 12

What level of oral glucose tolerance test is diabetes? pre diabetes?

Answer 12

diabetes is greater than 200

prediabetes is between 140 and 200

Question 13

What is the incretin effect

Answer 13

when oral glucose given, stimulate secretion of incretins

does not happen with IV glucose

Question 14

What is the role of GLP-1,glucagon-like intestinal peptide

Answer 14

suppress apetite
suppress gastric emptying
suppress alpha cells secreting glucagon
stimulate beta cells to secrete insulin and amylin

Question 15

how is glucagon similar to GLP 1 and GLP2

Answer 15

processed from same gene

Question 16

What is the underlying patho for type II DM

Answer 16

insulin Resistance

at any level of the insulin dependent glucose transporters GLUT4

Question 17

In chronic DM II what will c peptide look like

Answer 17

slight elevated since hyperplasia does take place in beta cells

Question 18

Describe incretin effect in diabetics

Answer 18

a very decreased incretin effect. barely responds to oral glucose

Question 19

GLP 1 is used to treat what type diabetes

Answer 19

II DM

Question 20

Which type DM will sometimes present with rapid shallow breathing and why

Answer 20

DM I because in acidosis from ketones

Question 21

How do you calculate anion gap

Answer 21

Na- (HCO3+Cl)

Question 22

Describe patho of type I diabetes

Answer 22

increasing T cell mediated autoimmune disease

Question 23

What do we look for to predict type I DM

Answer 23

islet autoAb and genes

Question 24

What other category of disease does the type I diabetes cause secondarily

Answer 24

metabolic disease

Question 25

Which gene has the strongest gene with type I DM

Answer 25

HLA

Question 26

What are the markers for class II HLA

Answer 26

DP DQ DR

Question 27

What are the marker for class I HLA

Answer 27

B C A

Question 28

Which marker on HLA is most associated with DM

Answer 28

DQ, class II, 3 and 4

Question 29

What is ICA

Answer 29

Islet cell antigen

Question 30

What 4 Ab can be used to predict DM

Answer 30

ZnT8, IA-2, GAA, mIAA(insulin ab)

Question 31

What hormone is given to Tx type I DM

Answer 31

glucagon ton increase blood glucose levels

Question 32

What would c peptide look like in someone suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 32

close to zero

Question 33

What is the defining Dx to differentiate between I or II DM

Answer 33

autoimmune ab

Question 34

can type II DM present with ketoacidosis

Answer 34

yes, illness
sometimes there is an increased cortisol which can increase ketones
alcoholic