DNA

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 2

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 2

Ribonucleic acid.

Question 3

What is the main function of RNA?

Answer 3

Transfer genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.

Question 4

What is a nucleotide made from?

Answer 4

A pentose sugar, a nitrogen-containing organic base, a phosphate group

Question 5

What’s it called when many nucleotides join together?

Answer 5

Polynucleotide strands

Question 6

What type of reaction allows nucleotides to join up to make a polynucleotide strand?

Answer 6

A condensation reaction.

Question 7

What is a phosphodiester bond?

Answer 7

A phosphate group and two ester bonds

Question 8

What shape is DNA?

Answer 8

A double helix

Question 9

What are DNA strands made up from?

Answer 9

Nucleotides (polynucleotide strands).

Question 10

What is a DNA nucleotide made up from?

Answer 10

A phosphate group, deoxyribose (the pentose sugar), nitrogen-containing organic base.

Question 11

What part of a DNA nucleotide can vary?

Answer 11

The nitrogen-containing organic base.

Question 12

What are the four possible bases for a DNA nucleotide?

Answer 12

A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine), G (guanine)

Question 13

What type of bond joins two DNA polynucleotide strands together?

Answer 13

Hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Which base is the complimentary base pair for A (adenine)?

Answer 14

T ( thymine)

Question 15

What base is the complimentary base pair for T (thymine)?

Answer 15

A (adenine)

Question 16

What base is the complimentary base pair for C (cytosine) ?

Answer 16

G (guanine)

Question 17

What base is the complimentary base pair for G (guanine)?

Answer 17

C (cytosine)

Question 18

What is an RNA nucleotide made up from?

Answer 18

A sugar, a phosphate group, one of four bases

Question 19

What is the sugar in an RNA nucleotide?

Answer 19

A ribose sugar.

Question 20

What are the four bases that can be on an RNA nucleotide?

Answer 20

A, U, C, G.

Question 21

Are RNA strands or DNA strands longer in length?

Answer 21

DNA strands.

Question 22

What does DNA helices do in DNA replication?

Answer 22

Breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases of the two DNA strands.

Question 23

In DNA replication, what happens once the base pair’s hydrogen bonds are broken?

Answer 23

The DNA helix unwinds and makes two single strands.

Question 24

What happens in DNA replication once the two DNA strands are separated?

Answer 24

Free floating DNA is attracted to their exposed complimentary base pair on each original strand.

Question 25

What does DNA polymerase do in DNA replication?

Answer 25

Joins complimentary bases together via a condensation reaction which makes a hydrogen bond form between the original strand and the new strand.

Question 26

What is it called in DNA replication when each new DNA molecule is half original and half new?

Answer 26

Semi-conservative replication.

Question 27

What are the two ends of DNA called?

Answer 27

3' (prime) and 5' (prime)

Question 28

Which end of the DNA is the polymerase enzyme complimentary to?

Answer 28

3' (prime)

Question 29

What is Meselson's and stahl's experiment on semi-conservative DNA replication?

Answer 29

One bacteria is grown in light nitrogen, one is grown in heavy nitrogen. A sample was taken from each and spun, the DNA with heavy nitrogen settled lower than the light nitrogen because it's heavier. The bacteria with the heavy nitrogen were taken out and put in a mixture with only light nitrogen; they were left for one replication, and then another DNA sample was taken and spun.

Question 30

What would've happened to the heavy nitrogen DNA in meselson and stahl's experiment if DNA replication was conservative?

Answer 30

The original heavy DNA would still be together and would have settled at the bottom and new light nitrogen DNA would have settled at the top

Question 31

What would have happened in meselson an stahl's experiment if DNA was semi-conservative?

Answer 31

The new DNA would have one strand containing light nitrogen and one strand containing heavy nitrogen. This would settle in the middle after being spun.

Question 32

What were the findings of meselson and stahl's experiment on DNA?

Answer 32

The mixed DNA settled in the middle after being spun which shows that it contained a mix of light and heavy nitrogen.