DNA

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Question 2

What is DNA’s primary function?

Answer 2

To build proteins, help heal, grow & reproduce.

Question 3

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 3

They form muscles, Build Enzymes, Antibodies and hormones, build many structures

Question 4

What are the repeating subunits called that make up DNA?

Answer 4

Nucleotide

Question 5

Name the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide.
Structures!

Answer 5

-5-carbon deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group : 1 of 4 nitrogen bases (A,T,G,C)

Question 6

Sketch and label a DNA nucleotide.

Answer 6

(N) 184 Nitrogen base [A, T, G, C] (P) Phosphate group. 5-carbon deoxyribose sugar.

Question 7

Name the 4 nitrogen bases on DNA.

Answer 7

Adenine, Cytosenie, Thymine, Guanine

Question 8

What is the difference between a purine & a pyrimidine?

Answer 8

Purine Double Ring Structure / Pyrimidine >Single Ring Structure

Question 9

Name 2 purines.

Answer 9

Adenine Guanine

Question 10

Name 2 pyrimidines.

Answer 10

Cytosine, Thymine & Uracil

Question 11

Who is responsible for determining the structure of the DNA molecule & in what year was this done?

Answer 11

James Watson, Francis Crick & Rosalind Franklynn (1953)

Question 12

The model of DNA is known as a __________ because it is composed of __________ chains wrapped around each other.

Answer 12

Double Helix, Alternatery.

Question 13

What makes up the sides of a DNA molecule?

Answer 13

carbon deoxyribose Sugar & A phosphate group.

Question 14

What makes up the “steps” of a DNA molecule?

Answer 14

The four nitrogen bases: A, T, G.C

Question 15

How did Rosalind Franklin contribute to determining the structure of DNA?

Answer 15

she truely discovered the shape with x-ray crystalography

Question 16

What type of bonds holds the DNA bases together? Are they strong or weak bones.

Answer 16

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 17

What makes up the “backbone” of the DNA molecule.

Answer 17

the five carbon deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate group.

Question 18

On DNA, a ________ base will always pair with a _________ base

Answer 18

Guanine, Cytosine

Question 19

Name the complementary base pairs on DNA.

Answer 19

Adenine - Thymine and Guanine - Cytosine

Question 20

How does the nucleotide sequence in one chain of DNA compare with the other chain of DNA?

Answer 20

It runs in the opposite direction 3’ ATTGCC 5’
5’ TAACGG 3’

Question 21

Why must DNA be able to make copies of itself?

Answer 21

So cells (us) can grow, heal & reproduce. It holds our genetic code.

Question 22

Define DNA replication.

Answer 22

Doubled stranded DNA is copied to produce two identical strands.

Question 23

What acts as the template in DNA replication?

Answer 23

The 2 original strands

Question 24

What is the first step that must occur in DNA replication?

Answer 24

the Helicase Enzyme unzips the DNA to be copied

Question 25

What is a replication fork?

Answer 25

The place the DNA opens up -----{ *Replication Fork

Question 26

What enzymes help separate the 2 strands of nucleotides on DNA? What bonds do they break?

Answer 26

Helicase and it breaks hydrogen bords

Question 27

If the sequence of nucleotides on the original DNA strand was A-G-G-C-T - A, what would be the nucleotide sequence on the complementary strand of DNA?

Answer 27

TCCGA

Question 28

When replication is complete, how do the 2 new DNA molecules compare to each other & the original DNA molecule?

Answer 28

They are identical so 2 new strands form Semi - Conservative

Question 29

Is DNA replicated (copied) before or after cell division?

Answer 29

Before

Question 30

What is a mutation?

Answer 30

A change or alteration of the DNA code

Question 31

Name several things that can cause DNA mutations.

Answer 31

sun, X-rays, drinking/drugs, UV lights, hereditary