DNA

Question 1

Ribose

Answer 1

Sugar in RNA

Question 2

Deoxyribose

Answer 2

Sugar in DNA

Question 3

A,T,C,G, & U (in RNA)

Answer 3

Nitrogenous bases

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

Question 4

Purine

Answer 4

2 carbon rings (A&G)

Question 5

Pyrimidine

Answer 5

1 carbon ring (C&T)

Question 6

Nucleotide

Answer 6

1 phosphate, 1 deoxyribose, 1 nitrogenous base

Question 7

Mutation

Answer 7

Heritable changes in genetic information - a mismatch in one or mor bp

Question 8

Point mutation

Answer 8

2 nucleotides switched

Question 9

Frameshift mutation

Answer 9

Add or delete a nucleotide

Question 10

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

Bases held in pairs by these weak bonds
AT- 2
CG- 3

Question 11

Covalent bonds

Answer 11

Nucleotides held together and to others by these strong bonds

Question 12

DNA Replication

Answer 12

DNA doubles in S phase of interphase

Question 13

Helicase

Answer 13

Enzyme unzips hydrogen bonds

Question 14

DNA polymerase

Answer 14

Deals out correct nucleotides to old strands making 2 new identical DNA strands

Question 15

Replication fork

Answer 15

When DNA replicates it looks like fork

Question 16

Replication bubble

Answer 16

replication starts at different points, making what look like bubbles that grow and meet

Question 17

Promoter

Answer 17

Marks the beginning of a gene

Question 18

Termination signal

Answer 18

Where transcription stops - end of a gene

Question 19

Transcription

Answer 19

Process of copying instructions from DNA to mRNA

Question 20

Translation

Answer 20

The process of decoding the mRNA into a protein

Question 21

Codon

Answer 21

Any three mRNA nucleotide sequences that code for a protein

Question 22

Anticodon

Answer 22

3 nucleotide sequence on tRNA that are the opposite of the mRNA codon

Question 23

Start codon

Answer 23

AUG - codes for amino acid methionine - all polypeptides start with met

Question 24

Stop codon

Answer 24

UAA, UAG, UGA, no amino acids match these

Question 25

RNA polymerase

Answer 25

Builds mRNA chain in transcription

Question 26

mRNA

Answer 26

Copies and transports instructions from the DNA to the ribosome

Question 27

tRNA

Answer 27

Decides the instructions and builds the protein

Question 28

rRNA

Answer 28

2 put together is ribosome

Question 29

Steps of transcription

Answer 29

That’s really long. See notes

Question 30

Amino acids

Answer 30

Building blocks for a protein

Question 31

Polypeptide chain

Answer 31

2 or more amino acids in a short chain

Question 32

Protein

Answer 32

2 or moreolypeptides

Question 33

RNA differences

Answer 33

Copies and transmits not stores
Ribose not deoxyribose
Uracil instead of thymine
1 strand not 2