Genetics

Question 1

Heterozygous

Answer 1

Both alleles are different (Bb)

Question 2

Dominant

Answer 2

Allele covers up recessive allele (uppercase)

Question 3

Recessive

Answer 3

covered up by dominant allele (lowercase)

Question 4

Gamete

Answer 4

Egg and sperm: contains 23 chromosomes to be passed on in sexual reproduction

Question 5

Zygote

Answer 5

Created by union of gametes

Question 6

Karyotype

Answer 6

Shows complete diploid set of chromosomes arranged in pairs by size.
Y chromosome is smaller than X
Disorder= one extra or less chromosome

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

Genetic makeup

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

Physical traits

Question 9

Probability

Answer 9

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 10

Principle of independent assortment

Answer 10

Genes for different traits can segregate independently during h e formation of gametes

Question 11

Principle of segregation

Answer 11

Each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

Question 12

Mendel

Answer 12

Austrian monk who experimented on pea plants and founded genetics

Question 13

Gene

Answer 13

Piece of DNA

Question 14

Trait

Answer 14

A specific characteristic of an individual

Question 15

Carrier

Answer 15

Someone who has a gene for a trait, but doesn’t show it

Question 16

P1 generation

Answer 16

Parent generation

Question 17

F1 generation

Answer 17

First generation offspring created by P1

Question 18

F2 generation

Answer 18

Offspring from F1 generation crosses

Question 19

Testcross

Answer 19

An individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual

Question 20

Monohybrid cross

Answer 20

Cross between individuals that uses 1 trait

Tt x TT

Question 21

Co-dominance

Answer 21

Both alleles are dominant and fight for expression

Question 22

Incomplete dominance

Answer 22

Neither allele is completely dominant and they blend

Question 23

Sex linked

Answer 23

Genes that are only found on the sex chromosomes (mostly X)

Question 24

Sex determination

Answer 24

Eggs have XX and sperm can have XX or XY. Cross to determine gender

Question 25

Chromosome

Answer 25

Genetic info - chromatin - bundled into packages of DNA

Question 26

Chromatin

Answer 26

Unwound DNA

Question 27

Centromere

Answer 27

Where the two sister chromatids meet and are held together

Question 28

Locus

Answer 28

Location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 29

Genetic linkage

Answer 29

Tendency for alleles one 1 chromosome to be inherited together (due to meiosis)

Question 30

Pedigree

Answer 30

Family tree of genes

Question 31

Homozygous

Answer 31

Both alleles are the same letter and case (BB bb)