DNA

Question 1

Eukaryotes

Answer 1

An organism which has cells that have DNA in the form chromosomes, located in the nucleus.

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

An organelle that remains in the membrane containing the chromosomes.

Question 3

Membrane

Answer 3

The outer boundary of the living cell, which is the thin layer.

Question 4

Organelle

Answer 4

Any specialised structure located within a cell that performs a specific function.

Question 5

Nuclear pores

Answer 5

A protein-lined channel that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 6

Nucleoplasm

Answer 6

Situated within the nuclear membrane, it stores DNA and ensures that gene regulation can occur within an isolated environment.

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

The chemical processes that occur within the body.

Question 8

Nucleolus

Answer 8

A region found in the nucleus that produces and assembles the ribosomes.

Question 9

Chromatin network

Answer 9

Contains all the cell’s DNA

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

The molecule containing the genetic information of an organism.

Question 11

Chromosomes

Answer 11

Thread-like structures situated within the nucleus, which contains the DNA of an organism.

Question 12

Genes

Answer 12

The functional and physical unit of heredity and particular sections of DNA that carry specific coded messages.

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Membrane-bound and they generate most of the chemical energy required for biochemical reactions

Question 14

Chloroplast

Answer 14

The part of plant and algal cells in which photosynthesis occurs.

Question 15

Extranuclear DNA

Answer 15

DNA that is found outside of the nucleus

Question 16

RNA

Answer 16

A molecule that codes, decodes, regulates and expresses genes.

Question 17

Monomers

Answer 17

A molecule that forms the basic units of polymers

Question 18

Nucleotides

Answer 18

Serves as the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 19

Cytoplasm

Answer 19

The jelly-like in which organelles are suspended

Question 20

Polymer

Answer 20

A large molecule that is made up of many similar and smaller molecules that are bonded in long, repeating chains.

Question 21

Deoxyribose sugar

Answer 21

Consists of five carbon atoms which is a sugar molecule that helps form the phosphate backbone of DNA molecules

Question 22

Phosphate group

Answer 22

A chemical compound made of phosphorus and oxygen atoms which when attached to carbon, forms the backbone of DNA

Question 23

Nitrogenous base

Answer 23

A molecule containing nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

Question 24

Adenine

Answer 24

A pyrimidine base used in forming nucleotides which assists with stabilising the structure of DNA when bonded to thymine

Question 25

Thymine

Answer 25

A purine base that forms bonds with adenine and is a building block of DNA

Question 26

Cytosine

Answer 26

A pyrimidine that bonds to guanine

Question 27

Guanine

Answer 27

A purine base that has a two-ringed structure and is involved with signaling within the cell

Question 28

Purine

Answer 28

A heterocycle composed of carbon and hydrogen

Question 29

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 29

Bonds that bind pyrimidine and purine bases to each other

Question 30

Genome

Answer 30

The complete set of genes within an organism

Question 31

DNA replication

Answer 31

The duplication of the DNA molecule to form two replicas

Question 32

Protein synthesis

Answer 32

The process in which proteins are manufactured into living cells

Question 33

Amino acids

Answer 33

The building blocks of proteins

Question 34

Coding DNA

Answer 34

DNA in living cells that codes for proteins

Question 35

Non-coding DNA

Answer 35

DNA that does that not carry information to produce proteins

Question 36

Gene expression

Answer 36

The process by which the instructions within DNA is converted to a functional product

Question 37

Mutation

Answer 37

A permanent change in DNA sequence

Question 38

DNA profiling

Answer 38

The process in which a specific DNA pattern is obtained from someone's tissue sample

Question 39

DNA sample

Answer 39

Biological material, such blood, that is used to determine someone's DNA profile and their band patterns.

Question 40

DNA extraction

Answer 40

A procedure through which DNA is isolated from a cell's nucleus

Question 41

Identical twins

Answer 41

Siblings who look exactly alike and share the same DNA band patterns, as a result of sharing the same genes

Question 42

Forensic evidence

Answer 42

Evidence that is gained by scientific methods, which is gained from crime scenes and laboratories.

Question 43

Paternity

Answer 43

The confirmed identity of someone's father

Question 44

Endangered species

Answer 44

A species that is most likely to become extinct in the future.

Question 45

Poaching

Answer 45

The illegal hunting or capturing of plants and animal species

Question 46

DNA barcode

Answer 46

A unique sequence that is used to identify a person

Question 47

Genetic disease

Answer 47

A disease that is caused by a defect found in genes