DNA and Genetics

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Question 2

Where is DNA present?

Answer 2

Inside the nucleus of cells in all living organisms

Question 3

Does DNA control all chemical changes?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 4

A long chain of nucleotides

Question 5

How many parts make up a nucleotide, and what?

Answer 5

3 parts:
1. A sugar, deoxyribose
2. A phosphate, PO4
2. An organic base

Question 6

What is DNA?

Answer 6

A complex and large molecule

Question 7

What is the difference between a ribose and a deoxyribose?

Answer 7

A ribose only has five carbon atoms in its molecule while deoxyribose lacks one oxygen atom.

Question 8

What symbol both represents the molecules ribose and deoxyribose?

Answer 8

A pentagon

Question 9

The 4 most common organic bases?

Answer 9

1. Adenine (A)
2. Thymine (T)
3. Cytosine (C)
4. Guanine (G)

Question 10

What forms a nucleotide?

Answer 10

A deoxyribose, A phosphate - PO4 and one of the organic bases

Question 11

What gives DNA its acidic properties?

Answer 11

The phosphate groups

Question 12

How is a molecule of DNA formed?

Answer 12

A molecule of DNA is formed by millions of nucleotides joined together in a long chain

Question 13

What does DNA usually consist of?

Answer 13

A double strand of nucleotides

Question 14

Where are the sugar-phosphate chains located?

Answer 14

On the outside

Question 15

What are strands held together by?

Answer 15

Chemical bonds between the organic bases

Question 16

What are the base pairings?

Answer 16

Adenine (A) and Thymine (T).
Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G).

Question 17

What do the paired strands coil into a spiral called?

Answer 17

A double helix

Question 18

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 18

A double helix

Question 19

What happens before a cell divides?

Answer 19

The DNA strands unwind and separate

Question 20

Describe the process replication?

Answer 20

Before a cell divides, DNA unwind and separate. Each strand makes a new strand by adding the appropriate nucleotides. Resulting in two new double-stranded DNA molecules in the nucleus.

Question 21

Where are the nucleotides present in?

Answer 21

Nucleotides are present in nucleoplasm. Which is the nuclear equivalent of cytoplasm.

Question 22

What do the sequence of bases in DNA form?

Answer 22

Genetic code

Question 23

What is a triplet?

Answer 23

A group of 3 bases

Question 24

What does a triplet control?

Answer 24

Controls the production of a particular amino acid in the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 25

What determines the sort of protein being produced?

Answer 25

The different amino acids and the order they are joined up determines the sort of protein being produced.

Question 26

What does CAT code for?

Answer 26

Valine

Question 27

What does CGA code for?

Answer 27

Alanine

Question 28

What is triplet code?

Answer 28

A group of 3 bases codes for a specific amino acid

Question 29

When does replication of DNA occur?

Answer 29

Before cell division

Question 30

When amino acids are joined together in the correct sequence, what do they make?

Answer 30

Part of a protein

Question 31

How are parts of a protein formed?

Answer 31

When amino acids are joined together in the correct sequence.

Question 32

Where does the protein build-up take place?

Answer 32

In the cytoplasm

Question 33

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 33

Ribo-nucleic acid

Question 34

The DNA of the nucleus makes a single...

Answer 34

The DNA of the nucleus makes a single strand of messenger RNA

Question 35

How can RNA leave the nucleus?

Answer 35

Due to how small they are. They can fit through tiny pores in nucleus, out to the cytoplasm.

Question 36

What is the RNA code? Complementary or identical to the nuclear DNA?

Answer 36

Complementary

Question 37

What do the proteins build?

Answer 37

The proteins build the cell structures

Question 38

What do proteins also make aside from cell structures?

Answer 38

Enzymes

Question 39

The DNA controls which .... are made and the .... determine what ..... take place

Answer 39

The DNA controls which enzymes are made and the enzymes determine what reactions take place.

Question 40

What do enzymes determine?

Answer 40

Enzymes determine what reactions take place

Question 41

What do the structures and reactions in the cell determine?

Answer 41

They determine what sort of a cell it is and what function it is

Question 42

How does DNA exert control?

Answer 42

DNA exerts control through the enzymes

Question 43

What does a sequence of triplets in the DNA molecule may code for?

Answer 43

A complete protein, such a sequence forms a gene

Question 44

How many bases in one gene?

Answer 44

There may be a thousand or more bases in one gene

Question 45

How does mutations affect triplet code?

Answer 45

Mutations can change letters around which may code different amino acids or STOP which ends the sequence of amino acids.

Question 46

messenger RNA in short

Answer 46

mRNA

Question 47

What type of RNA assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time?

Answer 47

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 48

Each sequence of three nucleotides is called ...

Answer 48

A codon

Question 49

What is a gene?

Answer 49

A section of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 50

Inside a gene, codes vary in what?

Answer 50

Length

Question 50

Explain what is meant by DNA being a "blueprint for a living thing"?

Answer 50

DNA is the basic, compulsory coding that every organism must have in order to get created. DNA is the building blocks for a living thing, essentially makes living things what they are.

Question 51

Describe the structure of DNA and the possible base pairs it contains.

Answer 51

The structure of DNA is a double helix or a twisted ladder and the possible base pairs are A and T, C and G

Question 52

If 30% of the bases in a particular DNA molecule are guanine (G), calculate the percentage of the bases would be thymine (T). Explain your reasoning.

Answer 52

Since 30% of bases are guanine (G), that means its pair, cytosine (C) would also be 30%; making 60% of the DNA already leaving 40%. The 40% is split across Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) each having 20%. So, Thymine would have 20%.

Question 53

A raven's claws are made out of the protein keratin. Describe how this fact is related to the raven's genes.

Answer 53

The raven's genes are what codes for the protein Keratin.

Question 54

Define Sex-linked inheritance

Answer 54

Characteristics or traits which are influenced by genes carried on sex chromosomes

Question 55

Define autosome inheritance

Answer 55

the gene is located on one of the autosomes