DNA and Inheritance

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 2

Ribonucleic acid

Question 4

Where is DNA found?

Answer 4

Found in the nucleus of each cell, coiled in chromosomes

Question 5

DNA is either…

Answer 5

1. Coding

2. Non-coding

Question 6

What is DNA?

Answer 6

DNA contains the genetic information that determines the structure of the cell and the way it functions.

Question 8

What are the 3 components of DNA/RNA?

Answer 8

• phosphate
• deoxyribose/ribose sugar
• nitrogenous base

Question 9

What are the RNA base pairs?

Answer 9

Uracil (U) - Adenine (A)

Cytosine (C) - Guanine (G)

Question 10

What are the DNA base pairs?

Answer 10

Adenine (A) -Thymine (T)

Cytosine (C) - Guanine (G)

Question 12

What is transcription? Define it

Answer 12

The copying of DNA into a message to take out of the nucleus.

Question 13

What is DNA polymerase?

Answer 13

• binds to the DNA and begins to unzip the double helix

- copies the DNA sequence

Question 14

What is translation? Define it

Answer 14

Assembling at ribosomes

Question 15

Explain the step to step process of translation.

Answer 15

1. mRNA slides through the ribosome
2. ribosome reads the codon
3. ribosome finds the matching bases - tRNA will pair with the matching codon sequence
4. In each case, the new amino acid gets connected to the previous amino acid creating a polypeptide chain

Question 16

What is a polypeptide chain?

Answer 16

The beginning of a protein

Question 17

What are the anticodons?

Answer 17

The anticodons are the 3 nitrogenous bases attached to the tRNA which appear a the binding sites in the ribosomes

Question 18

What is the start codon in translation?

Answer 18

A U G

Question 19

What is the terminating codon in translation?

Answer 19

U A G

Question 20

What is gene expression?

Answer 20

The process of copying information from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) and then translating the message into a series of amino acids to form a protein.

The process of transcription and translation resulting in the product of a protein.

Question 21

What are introns?

Answer 21

• “junk”

- don’t code for amino acids

Question 22

What are extrons?

Answer 22

• are expressed (copied)

- code for amino acids

Question 23

Describe the replication of DNA?

Answer 23

• the original strand of DNA are able to seperate because the bond between the base pears is weak and easily broken.
• the seperated strands contain half of the original information, which act as a template for the nucleotides that will form the new half