Dna And Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is a genome

Answer 1

A complete set of genes in a cell

Question 2

What is the structure of RNA

Answer 2

• single stranded polynucleotide
• nucleotide monomers
• rna consists of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous bases (AUCG)
• shorter polynucleotides than dna
• ribose

Question 3

What are the 2 types of rna

Answer 3

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

Question 4

What is mRNA

Answer 4

Carried genetic code from dna to ribosome
Linear and single stranded
Sequence of codons

Question 5

What is tRNA

Answer 5

Folds into a clover shape held by h bonds
Has an anticodon and amino acid binding site

Question 6

What is rRNA

Answer 6

Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
Catalyses peptide bonds during protein synthesis

Question 7

What is transcription

Answer 7

1: h bonds broken by dna helicase which unwinds/ unzips 2 strands of dna
2: one strand of dna is used as a template
3: free nucleotides join up with their complementary pairs and are held by phosphodiester bonds made by rna polymerase
4: in euk cells splicing occurs where introns are removed , pre mRNA to mRNA

Question 8

What is translation

Answer 8

1: ribosomes bind to mRNA
2: tRNA brings specific amino acid to ribosomes
3: anticodon on tRNA binds to codon on mRNA
5: a ribosome can carry 2 tRNA molecules
6: amino acids join up in a condensation reaction forming a peptide bond using atp and releasing water
7: ribosome moves to next codon and process repeats producing a polypeptide