DNA and RNA

Question 1

DNA and RNA are both types of

Answer 1

Nucleic acids

Question 2

What does DNA stand for

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

What is the role of DNA

Answer 3

To store genetic information

Question 4

What does RNA stand for

Answer 4

Ribonucleic acid

Question 5

What is the main function of RNA

Answer 5

to transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

Question 6

Molecules of DNA and RNA are polymers of

Answer 6

Nucleotides

Question 7

What is a nucleotide

Answer 7

a type of biological molecule which is made from three different components, a pentose sugar, a nitrogen-containing organic base and a phosphate group

Question 8

What is a pentose sugar

Answer 8

a sugar with 5 carbon atoms

Question 9

What does it mean if a base is organic

Answer 9

Organic means that it contains carbon

Question 10

many nucleotides join together to form

Answer 10

Polynucleotide strands

Question 11

Nucleotides join up by what reaction between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another

Answer 11

condensation reaction

Question 12

what bond forms between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another nucleotide

Answer 12

Phosphodiester bond

Question 13

What does a phosphodiester bond consist of

Answer 13

One phosphate group and two ester bonds

Question 14

What is the chain of phosphate and sugars known as

Answer 14

sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 15

What structure does DNA have

Answer 15

a double helix structure

Question 16

A DNA molecule is formed from two

Answer 16

separate strands which wind around each other to form a spiral

Question 17

What are DNA strands

Answer 17

Polynucleotide

Question 18

DNA molecules are

Answer 18

long and coiled tightly so a lot of genetic information can fit into a small space in a cells nucleus

Question 19

What is a DNA nucleotide strand made up of

Answer 19

A phosphate group, the pentose sugar deoxyribose and a nitrogen containing organic base

Question 20

What are the four possible bases in a DNA nucleotide

Answer 20

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 21

Two DNA polynucleotide strands join together by what bond

Answer 21

Hydrogen bond

Question 22

What is the complementary base pairing in DNA for Adenine

Answer 22

Thymine

Question 23

What is the complementary base pairing for Guanine

Answer 23

Cytosine

Question 24

How many hydrogen bonds form between Adenine and thymine

Answer 24

Two hydrogen bonds

Question 25

How many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine

Answer 25

Three hydrogen bonds

Question 26

In DNA the two polynucleotide strands that form the helix are parallel or antiparallel

Answer 26

Antiparallel

Question 27

What sugar is in RNA nucleotides

Answer 27

ribose sugar

Question 28

What bases are there in RNA

Answer 28

Uracil, Adenine Cytosine Guamine

Question 29

Instead of forming a double one polynucleotide strands in RNA form a

Answer 29

single strand

Question 30

Is RNA shorter or longer than most DNA polynucleotides

Answer 30

shorter

Question 31

When was DNA first observed

Answer 31

the 1800s

Question 32

When was it shown through experiments that DNA was the carrier of genetic code

Answer 32

1953

Question 33

When and which scientists discovered DNA had a double helix structure

Answer 33

1953 and James Watson, Francis Crick

Question 34

What does DNA do before cell division

Answer 34

Copies itself

Question 35

How does DNA replicate

Answer 35

through semi-conservative replication

Question 36

Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative

Answer 36

Because half the amount of the strands in each new DNA molecule are from the original DNA molecule

Question 37

What is genetic continuity

Answer 37

describes the fact that when a cell divides, the resulting two daughter cells have the same number and type of genes as the original cell. It also describes the fact that when two sexually reproducing organisms mate, the offspring have the same number of genes as the parent organisms.

Question 38

Why is it easy for DNA to copy itself

Answer 38

Because it has a paired base structure

Question 39

What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the two polynucleotide strands

Answer 39

DNA helicse

Question 40

What does DNA helicase do

Answer 40

breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases making the helix unwind to form two single strands

Question 41

During DNA replication each original strand acts as

Answer 41

A template for a new strand

Question 42

What is attracted to complementary base pairing on each template strand during DNA replication

Answer 42

Free floating nucleotides

Question 43

What reaction joins the nucleotides of the new strand together during DNA replication

Answer 43

Condensation Reaction

Question 44

What is the role of DNA polymerase

Answer 44

to join the nucleotides via a condensation reaction

Question 45

What bond forms between the new strand and the template strand in DNA replication

Answer 45

Hydrogen bonds

Question 46

What is either end of a DNA strand called

Answer 46

the 3' (three prime) and 5'(five prime)

Question 47

During DNA replication the active site of DNA polymerase is only complementary to

Answer 47

3'(three prime) end of a newly forming DNA strand

Question 48

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to what end of the DNA strand during DNA replication

Answer 48

the 3' (three prime) end

Question 49

What direction is a new DNA strand made in

Answer 49

5'(five prime) to 3'(three prime)

Question 50

What direction does DNA polymerase move down the template strand during DNA replication

Answer 50

3' (three prime) to 5'(five prime)

Question 51

Because DNA is antiparallel the DNA polymerase working on one of the template strand moves in what direction to the DNA polymerase working on the other template strand

Answer 51

the opposite direction

Question 52

Who came up with the idea for semi-conservative replication

Answer 52

Watson and Crick

Question 53

Who validated the theory of semi-conservative replication

Answer 53

Meselson and Stahl

Question 54

If DNA was replicated conservatively the original DNA strands would

Answer 54

Stay together and the new molecules would contain two new strands