Sugars

Question 1

What are all carbohydrates made from

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 2

What type of sugar is glucose

Answer 2

A hexose sugar

Question 3

What is a hexose sugar

Answer 3

A monosaccharide with six carbon atoms in each molecule

Question 4

What are alpha and beta glucose

Answer 4

Isomers

Question 5

What is a isomer

Answer 5

Molecules with the same molecular formula as each other but with the atoms connected in a different way

Question 6

When is a disaccharide formed

Answer 6

When two monosaccharides join together by condensation reactions

Question 7

What bond is formed when two monosaccharides are bonded together

Answer 7

A glycosidic bond

Question 8

Molecules that form sucrose

Answer 8

Glucose and fructose

Question 9

Molecules that form Maltose

Answer 9

2 glucose molecules

Question 10

Molecules that form Lactose

Answer 10

Glucose and Galactose

Question 11

Test for Reducing Sugars

Answer 11

Benedict’s test

Question 12

All sugars can be classified as

Answer 12

Reducing or non-reducing

Question 13

Reducing sugars include

Answer 13

All monosaccharides and some disaccharides(maltose and lactose)

Question 14

If reducing sugars are present the solution will turn

Answer 14

Traffic light with red being the strongest

Question 15

Once benedict’s solution has been added to a sample what is the next step

Answer 15

Heating the sample in a water bath that’s been brought to a boil

Question 16

What is a more accurate way of comparing reducing sugars found

Answer 16

Using a colorimeter to measure the absorbance of the remaining Benedict’s reagent

Question 17

If the result of the reducing sugars test is negative, the next step is to test for

Answer 17

Non-reducing sugars

Question 18

When testing for non-reducing sugars what do you what is added to the sample

Answer 18

Dilute hydrochloric acid, carefully heating in a water bath that’s been brought to a boil then you neutralise it by adding sodium hydrogencarbonate, then finally add Benedict’s reagent

Question 19

A polysaccharide is formed when

Answer 19

More then two monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reactions

Question 20

Polysaccharides can be broken down into monosaccharides by

Answer 20

Hydrolysis Reactions

Question 21

Plants store excess glucose as

Answer 21

Starch

Question 22

When a plant needs more glucose for energy it

Answer 22

Breaks down starch to release the glucose

Question 23

Cells get energy from

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

Starch is a mixture of two polysaccharides of alpha glucose

Answer 24

Amylose and Amylopectin

Question 25

Amylase is unbranched or branched

Answer 25

Unbranched chain of alpha glucose

Question 26

Amylase is short or long

Answer 26

Long

Question 27

The angles of glycosidic bonds give amylase a _________ like structure

Answer 27

Coiled like structure, like a cylinder

Question 28

Amylase is good for storage as

Answer 28

It's compact so you can fit more in to a small space

Question 29

Is Amylopectin short or long

Answer 29

Long

Question 30

Is amylopectin branched or unbranched

Answer 30

Branched chain of alpha glucose

Question 31

Amylopectin's side branches allow

Answer 31

The enzymes that break down the molecule to get at the glycosidic bonds easily, so glucose can be released quickly

Question 32

What makes starch good for storage

Answer 32

It is insoluble in water and doesn't affect water potential so it doesn't cause water to enter cells by osmosis, which would make them swell

Question 33

Animals store excess glucose as

Answer 33

Glycogen

Question 34

Glycogen is a polysaccharide of

Answer 34

Alpha-glucose

Question 35

Similar structure to

Answer 35

Amylopectin just with lot's more side branches, so that scored glucose can be released quickly

Question 36

A highly branched molecules means that

Answer 36

Stored glucose can be released quickly

Question 37

Glycogen is very compact which is good for

Answer 37

Storage

Question 38

Cellulose is long or short

Answer 38

Long

Question 39

Cellulose is branched or unbranched

Answer 39

unbranched

Question 40

Cellulose is made up of alpha or beta glucose

Answer 40

Beta glucose

Question 41

When beta glucose molecules form in cellulose they create

Answer 41

Straight cellulose chains

Question 42

Cellulose chains are linked together by hydrogen bonds to form

Answer 42

Strong fibrils called microfibrils

Question 43

The strong fibrils in cellulose mean that

Answer 43

Cellulose can provide structural support for cells

Question 44

To test for the presence of starch what test is carried out

Answer 44

Iodine test

Question 45

During the starch test iodine dissolved in __________ ______ is added to the test sample

Answer 45

Potassium iodide

Question 46

If starch is present what colour will the sample turn to

Answer 46

from browny orange to dark blue black colour