DNA & Genetics Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is an allele?
A part of a genotype, or the letters that make it up.
What does the term “dominant” mean?
An expressed allele (overpowers and covers up any recessive allele present)
What does the term “Recessive” mean?
Unexpressed allele (covered by dominant allele, if present)
What does the term “Heterozygous” mean?
Two different genotypes
What does the term “Homozygous” mean?
The pure dominant or recessive
What is DNA?
Genetic makeup
What is a gene?
A trait
What is a genotype?
2 letters
What is a phenotype?
A physical appearance
How many chromosomes do human sex cells have?
23
How many chromosomes do all other human body cells have?
46
What 4 bases are in DNA and how do they pair?
Adenine with Thymine, and Guanine with Cytosine
What 2 molecules make up the sides of DNA?
Sugars and phosphates
Describe Chromatin and Chromosome
Chromatin is loose while chromosome is the compact version of chromatin
Describe DNA’s shape
Double Helix
How is your genotype related to your phenotype?
Your genotype determines your phenotype
Why do cells divide?
To make more cells
When fertilization in human cells occurs, how is the gender of the offspring determined?
Whether the dad gives a y chromosome or not.
Where is DNA located in most cells?
In the Nucleus
