DNA Manipulation

Question 1

What is gel electrophoresis used for?

Answer 1

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate nucleic acids or proteins based on their size and charge.

Question 2

True or False: In gel electrophoresis, smaller DNA fragments move faster than larger ones.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the first step in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 3

Preparing the gel.

Question 4

What is the purpose of the loading dye in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 4

To visualize the DNA samples during loading and to track their progress during electrophoresis.

Question 5

What type of current is applied in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 5

An electric current.

Question 6

What does PCR stand for?

Answer 6

Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Question 7

What are the three main steps of PCR?

Answer 7

Denaturation, annealing, and elongation.

Question 8

True or False: PCR can amplify a specific DNA sequence.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What enzyme is primarily used in PCR?

Answer 9

Taq polymerase.

Question 10

What is the role of primers in PCR?

Answer 10

Primers are short sequences of nucleotides that provide a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: CRISPR-Cas9 is a tool for _____ gene editing.

Answer 11

precise

Question 12

What does CRISPR stand for?

Answer 12

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats.

Question 13

What is the function of Cas9 in CRISPR technology?

Answer 13

Cas9 is an enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific location.

Question 14

True or False: CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to edit RNA.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is DNA profiling?

Answer 15

DNA profiling is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA characteristics.

Question 16

What are short tandem repeats (STRs) used for in DNA profiling?

Answer 16

STRs are used to compare specific loci on DNA from different individuals.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: DNA profiling is often used in _____ investigations.

Answer 17

forensic

Question 18

What is the significance of the 99.9% similarity in human DNA?

Answer 18

It indicates that the differences in DNA sequences are what make individuals unique.

Question 19

What is the first step in DNA profiling?

Answer 19

Extraction of DNA from a sample.

Question 20

True or False: Gel electrophoresis can be used in DNA profiling.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is a common application of PCR in medicine?

Answer 21

Diagnosing genetic disorders.

Question 22

What is a guide RNA in CRISPR-Cas9 technology?

Answer 22

A sequence that directs Cas9 to the specific DNA target site.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The primary purpose of PCR is to _____ DNA.

Answer 23

amplify

Question 24

What type of gel is commonly used in agarose gel electrophoresis?

Answer 24

Agarose gel.

Question 25

What is the purpose of a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 25

To determine the size of DNA fragments by comparison.

Question 26

True or False: The process of DNA profiling can include mitochondrial DNA analysis.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is one ethical concern associated with CRISPR technology?

Answer 27

The potential for unintended genetic consequences or 'designer babies.'

Question 28

Fill in the blank: PCR requires _____ cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension.

Answer 28

multiple

Question 29

What is the role of the electrophoresis buffer?

Answer 29

To conduct electricity and maintain pH during electrophoresis.

Question 30

What does the term 'genetic marker' refer to?

Answer 30

A specific DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome used for identification.

Question 31

True or False: CRISPR-Cas9 can be used for gene knockout.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What is the desired outcome of a successful DNA profiling?

Answer 32

To match DNA samples from a crime scene to a suspect.

Question 33

What is the typical temperature for the denaturation step in PCR?

Answer 33

Approximately 95°C.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments migrate towards the _____ electrode.

Answer 34

positive

Question 35

What is a potential application of CRISPR technology in agriculture?

Answer 35

Creating crops that are resistant to pests or diseases.

Question 36

What does the term 'allele' refer to?

Answer 36

Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus.

Question 37

True or False: PCR can only be used for DNA, not RNA.

Answer 37

False