DNA Mutations Flashcards
1
Q
What is Deletion?
A
One nucleotide is lost when DNA is replicated
- All bases after deletion are shifted along one
- Frame-Shift
- Reading of triplet code is affected
2
Q
What is a Nonsense Mutation?
A
Base change forms stop codon
- Polypeptide is terminated early
- Will not form normal function
3
Q
What is Mis-Sense Mutation?
A
Base change codes for different amino acid
- Will affect bonding of tertiary structure
- Often leads to malfunctioning protein
4
Q
What is a Silent Mutation?
A
Substituted base codes for same amino acid
- Because of Degenerate Code
- No effect on Protein
5
Q
How do Mutations create Non-Functioning Proteins?
A
- Change in DNA base
- Amino acid sequence changed
- Change in H/ionic bonds
- Tertiary Structure is altered (thus shape of active site is altered)
- No enzyme/substrate complexes can be formed
