DNA & protein synthesis

Question 1

what is a codon

Answer 1

specific sequence of 3 bases that encodes a specific amino acid

Question 2

proteome

Answer 2

full range of proteins an individuals genes encode

Question 3

what features ensure that each tRNA molecule binds to the correct codon

Answer 3

-each tRNA molecule has an anticodon which is complementary to a specific codon on mRNA
-the amino acid that corresponds to a specific anticodon binds to a specific attachment site on the tRNA molecule

Question 4

what enzyme allows transcription to take place?

Answer 4

RNA polymerase - it binds to locus of the gene to be transcribed

Question 5

what is the role of splicing in eukaryotes?

Answer 5

remove introns

Question 6

where does transcription take place?

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

transcription

Answer 7

-Hydrogen bonds between DNA bases break
-Only one DNA strand acts as a template
-Free nucleotides align by complementary base pairing
- RNA uracil binds with DNA Adenine
-RNA polymerase joins nucleotides by phosphodiester bonds
-pre mRNA spliced

Question 8

Translation

Answer 8

-mRNA attaches to ribosomes
-tRNA anticodons bind co complimentary codons
-tRNA brings a specific amino acid
-amino acids join by peptide bonds with use of ATP
-tRNA released
-the ribosome moves along the mRNA to form the polypeptide

Question 9

compare and contrast mRNA and tRNA

Answer 9

-mRNA has no H bonds/ base pairing whereas tRNA has both
-mRNA is linear, straight chain whereas tRNA is cloverleaf shape
-mRNA has codons, tRNA has anticodons
-mRNA Has no binding side whereas tRNA does