DNA Replectation

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 1

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base

The three components are essential for forming DNA structure.

Question 2

Which of these make up the ‘backbone’ of DNA?

Answer 2

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar

The backbone provides structural integrity to the DNA molecule.

Question 3

What does the statement ‘DNA replication is semi-conservative’ mean?

Answer 3

Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

This is crucial for maintaining genetic continuity.

Question 4

How is the leading strand formed?

Answer 4

It is replicated continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

This allows for efficient DNA synthesis.

Question 5

How is the lagging strand formed?

Answer 5

It is replicated in sections called Okazaki fragments. From 3’ to 5’

These fragments are later joined by ligase.

Question 6

What is the function of DNA ligase during replication?

Answer 6

It connects Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

This enzyme is essential for completing the DNA strand.

Question 7

True or False: DNA polymerase can synthesize strands in any direction.

Answer 7

False

DNA polymerase can only synthesize in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Question 8

True or False: DNA replication happens in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.

Answer 8

True

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, allowing replication to occur in the cytoplasm.

Question 9

True or False: DNA replication occurs during the G1 interphase.

Answer 9

False

DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase.

Question 10

What type of bond is formed between nitrogenous bases?

Answer 10

Hydrogen bond

These bonds hold the two strands of DNA together.

Question 11

What type of bond is formed between the sugar and phosphate in a nucleotide?

Answer 11

Covalent bond

Covalent bonds provide stability to the DNA backbone.

Question 12

Label the enzyme responsible for unwinding DNA during replication.

Answer 12

Helicase

Helicase separates the two strands of the DNA double helix.

Question 13

Label the enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands.

Answer 13

DNA Polymerase

This enzyme is crucial for DNA replication.

Question 14

Describe the orientation of DNA strands.

Answer 14

DNA is anti-parallel, with one strand running 5’ to 3’ and the other running 3’ to 5’.

This orientation is vital for replication and function.