DNA replication, regulation of gene expression Flashcards

1
Q

DNA REPLICATION

que es la replicación

A

is the process by which a cell copies its DNA prior (antes de la) to division

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2
Q

DNA REPLICATION —– VERDADERO // FALSO

in humans, each parent cell must copy its entire six billion base pairs of DNA before undergoing (someterse) a la mitosis

A

VERDADERO

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3
Q

DNA REPLICATION

con cuantas celulas empezamos?

A

una

y terminamos con trillones de celulas

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4
Q

DNA REPLICATION —– VERDADERO // FALSO

durante el proceso de división celular toda la información de una célula tiene que copiarse perfectamente

A

VERDADERO

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5
Q

DNA REPLICATION

que usa la replicacion de ADN

moleculas dedicadas solo a copiar ADN

A

polimerasas

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6
Q

DNA REPLICATION

que es Transcription

A

is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA

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7
Q

DNA REPLICATION

que es Translation

A

is the process by which mRNA directs (dirije 🎺) protein synthesis with the assistance of tRNA (transfer RNA)

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8
Q

DNA REPLICATION

donde es formado el mRNA formado

A

en la transcripción

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9
Q

DNA REPLICATION

a donde es transportado el mRNA?

A

por fuera del núcleo, al citoplasma, al ribosoma (la fabrica de sintesis de proteinas de la celula)

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10
Q

DNA REPLICATION

en la celula cual es la fabrica de sintesis de proteinas

A

ribosomas

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11
Q

DNA REPLICATION

El ribosoma lee la secuencia del ARN mensajero (ARNm) y traduce ese código genético …

A

en una cadena específica de aminoácidos, que crecen en largas cadenas que se pliegan para formar proteínas.

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12
Q

REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION

que es gene expression

A

is the process by which the information enconded in a gene is turned into a function

  • transcription and traslation together
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13
Q

REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION

de que dos formas se considera el gene expression

A

on/off switch: controla cuando y donde se fabrican las moleculas de ARN y proteínas

volume control: determina la cantidad de estos procesos (gene expressions)

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14
Q

VERDADERO // FALSO —– REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION

gracias a la expresión genetica, cada celula de nuestro cuerpo tiene un conjunto diferente de genes activos, a pesar de que casi todas las celulas de nuestro cuerpo tienen casi el mismo ADN

A

VERDADERO

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15
Q

VERDADERO // FALSO —– REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION

cada tipo de celula se especializa en hacer su trabajo

A

VERDADERO

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16
Q

REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION

Gene regulation makes cells different (EJEMPLO DEL ALCOHOL)

A
  • Cuando tomo alcohol el hígado lo procesa con la enzima “alcohol dehydrogenase” rompe la molécula de alcohol y convertirla en una molécula no toxica para poderla digerir y que salga del organismo
  • las células del cerebro no tienen la expresión genética encendida, esas neuronas no hacen nada, solo lo hace el hígado, es su trabajo