DNA Replication & The cell cycle

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

Proteins that help with biological function (biological catalysts)

Question 2

What are 3 enzymes in DNA structure?

Answer 2

• Helicase
• Gyrase
• Polymerase

Question 3

Helicase

Answer 3

• Unzip’s DNA
• Exposes single bases

Question 4

Gyrase

Answer 4

• Enzyme that reduces tangling or “supercoiling” of DNA

Question 5

Polymerase

Answer 5

• Enzyme that allows complementary bases to meet up
• Help with linkage of new backbones too

Question 6

DNA replication (occurs before cell division)

Answer 6

1. Unzipping & Unwinding
2. Complementation
3. Linkage

Question 7

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 7

• During the ‘synthesis’ phase of the cell cycle

Question 8

Unzipping & Unwinding

Answer 8

DNA is unzipped by an enzyme called Helicase

Question 9

Complementation

Answer 9

• Free floating nucleotides (from the diet) meet up with complimentary bases
• Each parent strand has new strands built up next to them

Question 10

Linkage

Answer 10

• Backbones of new strands are joined together

Question 11

Phases of the cell cycle

Answer 11

• G1 phase
• S phase
• G2 phase
• M phase

Question 12

G1/Gap 1 phase

Answer 12

• Cells grow and enlarge
• Carry out normal cell functions

Question 13

S/Synthesis phase

Answer 13

• DNA replication occurs, but actual cell division happens later

Question 14

G2/Gap 2 phase

Answer 14

• More growth
• Cell prepares for division

Question 15

M/Mitosis phase

Answer 15

• Cell division part of the cell cycle