Genetics intro + History Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 2 types of nucleic acid?
A
DNA & RNA
2
Q
DNA
A
- Double-stranded
- Found in nucleus only
- Can replicate
- The nitrogenous bases making it up are: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
- It is long lived in the cell
3
Q
RNA
A
- Single-stranded
- Found in the nucleus and cytoplasm
- Is created by copying DNA when needed
- The nitrogenous bases making it up are: Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine
- Thymine is replaced by Uracil here
- It is short lived in the cell (Minutes-hours)
4
Q
What is a DNA subunit called?
A
A nucleotide
5
Q
What makes up a nucleotide?
A
Nucleotide = Nitrogen base + Sugar + Phosphate
6
Q
What kinds of structures can Nitrogenous Bases be subdivided into?
A
Purines & Pyrimidines
7
Q
Purines
A
- Double molecular rings
- Includes Adenine and Guanine
- Purines bond to pyrimidines (not to other purines)
8
Q
Pyrimidines
A
- Single molecular rings
- Includes Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil
- Pyrimidines bond to purines (not to other
pyrimidines)
9
Q
Purine and Pyrimidine bonds
A
- A bonds with T
- A bonds with U (only in RNA)
- G bonds with C
10
Q
Genome
A
The genetic makeup of a species.
11
Q
Chromosome
A
densely packed DNA strands
12
Q
Genes
A
A segment of a DNA molecule that codes for a particular trait; found at a specific location on a chromosome
13
Q
Chromatid
A
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome
14
Q
Chromatin
A
Mixture of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes. Chromatids are made up of chromatins.
