DNA & RNA

Question 1

describes the transfer of genetic information within a cell

Answer 1

Central dogma

Question 2

True or False

DNA is used as a template for RNA synthesis

Answer 2

True

DNA->RNA-> Proteins

Question 3

Process of DNA to RNA

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

Process of RNA to Protein

Answer 4

Translation

Question 5

One strand of DNA is copied into mRNA by

Answer 5

RNA Polymerase II

Question 6

3 components of Nucleotide

Answer 6

Nitrogenous bases, 5-carbon sugars and phosphate groups

Question 7

Nitrogenous bases

Answer 7

purines and pyrimidines

Question 8

True or False:

Purines have single ring and include Cytosine, Thymine & Uracil

Answer 8

False
Purines have double ring and include Adenine and Guanine
(True:Pyrimidine)

Question 9

ACGT

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

4 types of nitrogenous bases in RNA

Answer 10

ACGU

Question 11

RNA contains

Answer 11

ribose sugar, OH groups bound to its 2’ and 5’ carbon

Question 12

True or False

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and identical to RNA except that OH has been replaced with H atom

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Phosphate group in the nucleotide is attached to?

Answer 13

the 5’ carbon of the sugar by phosphoester bond

Question 14

Nitrogenous base of the nucleotide is attached to

Answer 14

carbon number 1

Question 15

Complementary base pairing in DNA

Answer 15

A-T
C-G
(A-U in RNA)

Question 16

Ture or False:

Hydrogen bonds binds the complementary base

Answer 16

True
2 hydrogen bonds form AT
3 hydrogen bonds form CG

Question 17

True or False:

The two strands of the DNA are antiparallel

Answer 17

True

One strand runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction, whereas the opposite strand goes from 3’ to 5’

Question 18

How many chromosomes in human nucleus?

Answer 18

46 chromosomes

Question 19

Two types of chromosomes

Answer 19

Sex

Somatic

Question 20

True or False:
XX-Male
XY-Female

Answer 20

False
XX-Female
XY-Male

Question 21

Coding parts of a gene are called

Answer 21

Exons as in “expressed sequence”

Question 22

Noncoding regions of a gene are called

Answer 22

Introns as in “intervening sequences”

Question 23

Refers to the variant forms of gene

Answer 23

Allele

Question 24

_______ codes for the trait

Answer 24

Genes

Question 25

How many chromosomes fo human have?

Answer 25

46 chromosomes: 23 from the mother and 23 from the father

Question 26

specific location of a gene that codes for the trait

Answer 26

Locus

Question 27

True or False: | Plasmids replicate independently of the chromosome in cells

Answer 27

True.

Question 28

These are extrachromosomal DNA containing nonessential genetic information

Answer 28

Plasmids

Question 29

Denaturation can be accomplished through

Answer 29

heating or chemicals

Question 30

True or False: | As DNA denatures, its absorbance increases

Answer 30

True | It is because of the fact that nucleotide sequences is composed of aromatic rings which absorbs light in UV range

Question 31

All bases of DNA have strong absorbance at ____nm

Answer 31

260 nm

Question 32

True or False: | The decrease in temperature brings about annealing

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Association of denatured DNA to native dsDNA

Answer 33

Annealing or Renaturation

Question 34

It is the process in which genetic information is transferred from parent to daughter cells

Answer 34

DNA replication

Question 35

The synthesis of each nucleotide chain only occurs in what direction?

Answer 35

5' to 3' direction

Question 36

What strand produces okazaki fragments?

Answer 36

Lagging strand

Question 37

In DNA replication, what enzyme unwinds the doubles stranded DNA?

Answer 37

Helicase in prokaryotes | Topoisomerase in eukaryotes

Question 38

Polymerization of DNA is catalyzed by enzymes called

Answer 38

DNA polymerases

Question 39

Types of RNA

Answer 39

Ribosomal RNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Small nuclear RNA

Question 40

This type of RNA brings the appropriate amino acid

Answer 40

Transfer RNA

Question 41

This type of RNA is involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins

Answer 41

Ribosomal RNA

Question 42

This type of RNA is involved in removal of introns and small and micro RNAs

Answer 42

Small nuclear RNA