DNA Structure 1.1 Flashcards
What shape is a DNA strand and what is it made up of ?
A double helix shape made up of 2 strands of DNA nucleotides joined together by strong covalent bonds.
What is a DNA nucleotide composed of?
A (five carbon) deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate and a base.
How is the sugar phosphate backbone formed?
The phosphate on carbon 5 is joined to carbon 3 on the next nucleotide by a strong covalent bond.
What bond joins the bases together in a DNA strand?
Weak hydrogen.
Is the nucleotide strands of a DNA molecule anti-parallel or parallel? Explain?
anti parallel, one nucleotide strand is anti-parallel, 5’ to 3’, to the other strand, 3’ to 5’.
What is the genotype determined by?
the sequence of bases.
What bases are complementary to each other?
Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine.
What is the structure of prokaryotes?
a singular, circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids.
What is the structure of eukaryotes?
linear chromosomes, in the nucleus, which are tightly coiled and packaged with associated proteins.
What do you call the associated proteins in eukaryotes?
histones
What is a special type of eukaryotic cell? Why?
Yeast, it also contains plasmids.
Do eukaryotic cells contain circular chromosomes? Where?
Yes, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Name the enzyme that joins DNA nucleotides together.
DNA polymerase.
