Genomic Sequencing 1.8 Flashcards
In genomic sequencing, what can the sequence of nucleotide bases be determined for?
In genomic sequencing the sequence of
nucleotide bases can be determined for
individual genes and entire genomes.
How can computer programs be used in genomic sequencing?
Computer programs can be used to identify
base sequences by looking for sequences
similar to known genes.
What is bioinformatics used for and what are the two practises that are required?
To compare sequence data, computer and
statistical analyses are both required.
What does the comparison of genomes reveal?
Comparison of genomes reveals that many
genes are highly conserved across different organisms.
What have many genomes been sequenced of?
Many genomes have been sequenced,
particularly of disease-causing organisms,
pest species and species that are
important model organisms for research.
Evidence from what is used to determine the main sequence of events in evolution?
Evidence from phylogenetics and
molecular clocks to determine the main
sequence of events in evolution.
What is used to determine the sequence of events?
The sequence of events can be determined
using sequence data and fossil evidence.
What are the three domains of life that the comparison of sequences provides evidence for?
Comparison of sequences provides
evidence of the three domains of life —
bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.
What is phylogenetics?
Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary
history and relationships.
What are sequence data and sequence divergence used for?
Sequence data is used to study the
evolutionary relatedness among groups of
organisms. Sequence divergence is used
to estimate time since lineages diverged.
What are sequence data and fossil evidence used to determine? What are some examples?
sequence data and fossil evidence are used to determine the main sequence of events in evolution of life: cells, last universal
ancestor, prokaryotes, photosynthetic
organisms, eukaryotes, multicellularity,
animals, vertebrates, land plants.
What are molecular clocks used for? What do they assume and show?
Molecular clocks are used to show when
species diverged during evolution. They
assume a constant mutation rate and show
differences in DNA sequences or amino
acid sequences
What do differences in sequence data between species indicate?
differences in sequence data between species indicate the time of divergence from a common
ancestor.
What can an individual’s genome be analysed for?
An individual’s genome can be
analysed to predict the likelihood of
developing certain diseases.
What is pharmacogenetics?
Pharmacogenetics is the use of genome
information in the choice of drugs.
