DNA Structure

Question 1

Erwin Chargaff did…

Answer 1

the amount of adenine (A) equals thymine (T) and the amount of cytosine (C) equals guanine (G)

Question 2

Gregor Mendel did…

Answer 2

Established the foundational principles of genetics (dominance, segregation)

Question 3

Rosalind Franklin did…

Answer 3

Took X-ray images of DNA, providing crucial data that helped determine the double-helix structure of DNA.

Question 4

Maurice Wilkins did…

Answer 4

Worked with Franklin on the X-ray diffraction images of DNA and shared crucial data with Watson and Crick, which contributed to the discovery of the DNA double helix.

Question 5

Watson and Crick did…

Answer 5

Co-discovered the structure of DNA (double-helix)

Question 6

Components of a DNA nucleotide

Answer 6

1) Phosphate group
2) Deoxyribose sugar
3) Nitrogenous base

Question 7

Base pairing

Answer 7

A=T
C=G

Question 8

Anti-parallel definition

Answer 8

The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions. (One strand has a 5’ to 3’ direction, and the other 3’ to 5’ direction.)

Question 9

Why anti-parallel is important…

Answer 9

The antiparallel structure allows both strands of DNA to be copied at the same time but in opposite directions.

Question 10

Leading strand

Answer 10

Synthesized continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction, moving toward the replication

Question 11

Lagging strand

Answer 11

Synthesized discontinuously in fragments, as DNA polymerase works in the opposite direction of the replication fork, and then the fragments are joined together later.

Question 12

Double Helix shape

Answer 12

Completes one full turn every 10 base pairs