DNA structure Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is a codon
3 nucleotides that code for an amino acid (also known as triplet)
In what ways does meiosis allow the production of genetically different cells?
Independent segregation (the random lining up of chromosomes) Genetic recombination by crossing over (chromatids twist together, parts break off and re-join)
What is an exon
A stretch of DNA that codes for something
What is an intron
A stretch of DNA that does not code for anything
What’s a chromatid
An arm of a chromosome
What is the centromere
The point where the 2 chromatids join
What is an allele
Different forms of genes
What is diploid
A cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes
What is haploid
23 chromosomes/half the amount (sperm and egg cells)
What cell is prokaryotes
Bacterial
What cells is eukaryotes
Animal
What is genetic information?
The instructions needed for an egg to grow and develop into a fully grown adult
What are the individual stands made up of?
Polynucleotides
What does a sugar look like on a diagram?
A pentagon - bc it has 5 carbons
What’s a way of remembering what bases go together?
Apple Turnover with
Gloopy Custard
What is the word for DNA in that one base triplet can code for the same amino acid?
Degenerate
What are regions of multiple repeats?
They’re DNA sequences outside of genes that repeat one or two bases over and over. It does not code for an amino acid
What happens during protein synthesis?
Where the introns and multiple repeats are removed from the DNA sequence
What is interphase?
The phase during the cell cycle in which the cell is not dividing
What is a mutation
A change in the structure or amount of DNA
What is the primary structure
The sequence of amino acids forming a protein/polypeptide chain
What is the loci?
The position of a gene on a chromosome
What is aneuploidy?
The loss or gain of a single chromosome (typically)
What is polyploidy?
Additional whole sets of chromosomes
