DNA structure And Analysis

Question 1

At what wavelength can UV light mutate DNA

Answer 1

260 nm

Question 2

At what wavelength does nucleic acid absorb light

Answer 2

260nm

Question 3

At what wavelength does Protein absorb light

Answer 3

280nm

Question 4

Genetic material

Answer 4

Information that is contained in genes and is passed on to the next generation
If information changes it can be seen in the next generation (variability in organisms )

Question 5

Criteria for genetic material

Answer 5

Replication
Storage of information
Expression of information
Variation by mutation

Question 6

Replication

Answer 6

Genetic material duplicates and then separates into two daughter cells

Question 7

Storage of information

Answer 7

A chemical language for the survival of the cell

Genetic material is repository of information that may or may not be expressed in the cell

Question 8

Expression of information

Answer 8

A cell needs to turn genes on and off

Depends on the needs of the cell at the given time

Question 9

Variation by mutation

Answer 9

A change in the chemical composition of the DNA that affects the expressed product of DNA

Question 10

What is the product of DNA

Answer 10

The central dogma
DNA-RNA - protein
Transcription then translation

Question 11

DNA and RNA are both nucleic acid .True or False

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What are the 3 essential components of nucleotides in DNA

Answer 12

Nitrogenous bases (A,T,C,G )
Pentode sugar ; deoxyribose
Phosphate groups

Question 13

What are the 3 essential components of nucleotides in RNA

Answer 13

Nitrogenous bases (A,U,C,G ) 
Pentode sugar (ribose ) 
Phosphate groups

Question 14

Nitrogenous bases + pentose sugar =

Answer 14

Nucleoside

Question 15

Nucleoside + phosphate groups

Answer 15

Nucleotide

Question 16

Pyrimidine ring is a __________ membered ring

————— and ————— are pyrimidines

Answer 16

6
Cytosine and thymine (in DNA)
Cytosine and uracil (in RNA )

Question 17

Purine ring is a __________ membered ring

————— and ————— are purines

Answer 17

9
Guanine and Adenine
(Pure silver (Ag ) Taxi (TC)

Question 18

The sugar of DNA and RNA is a __________ sugar

Answer 18

Pentose sugar

Question 19

The sugar of DNA and RNA ;C1

Answer 19

Can accept a nitrogenous base

Question 20

If C2 on the sugar of DNA and RN HAS AN OH it is DNA .True or false

Answer 20

False it is called ribose and is used for RNA .if it is has an H it is called deoxyribose and is used for DNA

Question 21

What is C3 and C5 on the pentose sugar important for

Answer 21

It’s important for making polynucleotides

Question 22

What bond forms between ribose or deoxyribose and a nitrogenous base

Answer 22

A glycosidic bond

Question 23

Name the ribonucleosides

Answer 23

Adenosine
Cytidine
Guanosine
Uridine

Question 24

Name the ribonucleotides

Answer 24

Adenylic acid
Cytidylic acid
Guanylic acid
Uridylic acid

Question 25

Why is the phosphate groups very important to making DNA and DNA

Answer 25

Phosphate groups store energy that help drive the synthesis of DNA and RNA The phosphate groups are the structural backbone of DNA and RNA

Question 26

Why are Nucleoside triphosphats important

Answer 26

There are large amounts of energy that is released when you break the bonds between the phosphate groups This energy is used to drive the synthesis reaction (making polynucleotides)

Question 27

What is the linkage between two mono nucleotides

Answer 27

Phosphate group linked to two sugars (phosphodiester )

Question 28

Each polynucleotides has a 5’ and 2 ‘ end true or false

Answer 28

False it has 5 ‘ and 3’

Question 29

What is Chargaffs Rule

Answer 29

A-T base ratio suggested they were In equal amounts | G-C base ratio suggested they were in equal amounts

Question 30

What is the overall form of form A DNA

Answer 30

Short and broad

Question 31

What is the overall form of the B form

Answer 31

Long and thin

Question 32

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 32

Two Long polynucleotide chains coiled around a central axis forming a right handed double helix The nitrogenous bases are stacked I’m the center Two chains connected by base pairing Chains are anti parallel Complete turn of helix is 34A (Major groove 22 A and minor groove 12 A )

Question 33

How is the Z form of DNA different from A and B form

Answer 33

The Z form is a left handed double helix

Question 34

How many hydrogen bonds are between A-T and G-C

Answer 34

A-T - two H bonds | G-C - three bonds

Question 35

The nitrogenous bases are1 __________and the phosphate backbone is 2____________ Hydrophilic / hydrophobic

Answer 35

1 hydrophobic | 2 hydrophilic

Question 36

What are stem loop or hairpin structures

Answer 36

Thus is when RNA has a tendency to fold back on itself and form short regions on complementary base pairing

Question 37

Secondary structure of RNA (5)

Answer 37

``` Hairpin loop Bulge loop Multi loop with 3 branches Pseudo-knot Stem ```

Question 38

mRNA

Answer 38

Is the template for protein synthesis

Question 39

rRNA

Answer 39

Structural component of ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 40

tRNA

Answer 40

carries amino acids for protein synthesis

Question 41

Telomerase RNA

Answer 41

Involved in DNA replication at the chromosome ends

Question 42

RNA primers

Answer 42

Involved in starting off DNA synthesis

Question 43

SnRNA

Answer 43

Small nuclear RNA which helps process mRNA

Question 44

Antisense RNA ,micro RNA and siRNA

Answer 44

Involved in gene regulation.

Question 45

Hyperchromic shift

Answer 45

During unwinding , the viscosity of DNA decreases and the absorbance increases

Question 46

Molecules with a _________Tm have a ___________ G-C content

Answer 46

Higher | Higher

Question 47

Molecules with a _________Tm have a ___________ A-T content

Answer 47

Lower | Higher