dna structure, dna replication, cell cycle, mutation, rna, protein synthesis and biotechnology

Question 1

what biomolecule (macromolecule) is dna

Answer 1

linear molecule

Question 2

what are the building blocks (monomer) of dna

Answer 2

• adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine

Question 3

term given for shape of dna

Answer 3

double helix

Question 4

who is credited for discovering the shape of the double helix

Answer 4

watson and crick

Question 5

3 components of a nucleotide

Answer 5

sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base

Question 6

what parts of the nucleotide make up the backbone of the dna molecule

Answer 6

sugar and phosphate group

Question 7

what part of the nucleotide makes up the rungs of the DNA molecule

Answer 7

nitrogen bases

Question 8

who determined purines = pryimindines

Answer 8

fishcer

Question 9

why do we say two strands of DNA rn anti parallel

Answer 9

they go in opposite directions

Question 10

order of ____ determines organism’s genetic code

Answer 10

nitrogen bases

Question 11

what is the main purpose for dna replication

Answer 11

ensure that each daughter cell gets exact copy

Question 12

what enzyme is responsible for unzipping the dna molecule

Answer 12

helicase by unwinding

Question 13

what makes short segments of RNA so that DNA polymerase can attach

Answer 13

primase

Question 14

role of dna polymerase in dna replication

Answer 14

joins nucleotides to produce new strand checks base pairs and fixes mistakes

Question 15

role of dna ligase

Answer 15

joins in breaks of backbone

Question 16

how is dna different on each strand (leading vs lagging)

Answer 16

only be copeid in 5’3

Question 17

how is dna semi conservative

Answer 17

one strand is new one is old

Question 18

what is end result of dna replication

Answer 18

new copy of dna molecule

Question 19

what are sister chromatids

Answer 19

indentical chromosomes

Question 20

how are sister chromatids attached

Answer 20

centrosome in the middle

Question 21

what part of the cells life is the cell carrying of out growth and development and preparing for division

Answer 21

interphase

Question 22

what part of the cells life is the nucleus of the cell undergoing divison

Answer 22

mitosis

Question 23

what part of the cells life is the cytoplasm of the cell undergoing divison

Answer 23

cytokenesis

Question 24

spindle fibers align the chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell

Answer 24

metaphase

Question 25

dna condenses into chromosomes and the nucleus breaks down

Answer 25

prophase

Question 26

final prep for for cell divsion

Answer 26

interphase- G2

Question 27

chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and nucleus reforms

Answer 27

telophase

Question 28

cell is undergoing normal growth and development

Answer 28

interphase- G1

Question 29

division of cytoplasm

Answer 29

cytokinesis

Question 30

sister chromatids are pulled apart

Answer 30

anaphase

Question 31

cell repairing for division dna replicates

Answer 31

interphase- s phase

Question 32

order of mitosis phases

Answer 32

prophase, metaphase, anaphase telephase

Question 33

order of interphase phases

Answer 33

G1, S , G2 and then start of mitosis

Question 34

what is the end result of mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 34

2 new indentical cells

Question 35

diploid

Answer 35

two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 36

what are mutations?

Answer 36

changes in gene

Question 37

what causes mutations

Answer 37

errors in DNA repliction

Question 38

point mutation

Answer 38

change in single nucleotide

Question 39

frameshift mutation

Answer 39

additon of deletion

Question 40

how is it possible that a mutation may have no effect

Answer 40

could happen in part of dna that has no function or streach of dna

Question 41

when is mutation passed to offspring

Answer 41

if parent gene has mutation in egg or spurm

Question 42

what does mrna do

Answer 42

tells your body how to make proteins

Question 43

trna-

Answer 43

adaptor molecules that translate genetic information into protein sequence

Question 44

two processes involved in protein synthesis

Answer 44

translation and transcription

Question 45

translation-

Answer 45

the process that takes the information passed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids bound together with peptide bond

Question 46

transcription-

Answer 46

the process by which the genetic information contained within DNA is re-written into messenger RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase

Question 47

funct of rna polymerase

Answer 47

copying dna sequene to rna sequence

Question 48

what type of sugar is found in a nucleotide

Answer 48

monosaccharide

Question 49

role of dna helicase

Answer 49

break hydrogen bonds

Question 50

where is dna stored

Answer 50

nucleus/nucleoid region

Question 51

introns

Answer 51

introns are segments of Mrna transcript that are removed

Question 52

exons

Answer 52

introns are segments of Mrna transcript that are added

Question 53

transcription occurs in the

Answer 53

nucleus

Question 54

translation occurs in the

Answer 54

ribosome